Okadaic acid depuration in the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis:one- and two-compartment models and the effect of environmental conditions

Blanco, Juan; Fernández, M.L.; Míguez, A.; Moroño, Á.

doi:10.3354/meps176153

Cited by 47 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…population had declined and the toxicity in the plankton community again was very low. It has been suggested in several papers that the main factor affecting the rate of depuration of DST in mussels is the quantity of non-toxic food available for mussels to feed upon (Haamer et al 1990b, Sampayo et al 1990, MarcaillouLe Baut et al 1993, Poletti et al 1996, Blanco et al 1999. In this study, the low chl a observed in the water after the Dinophysis spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Oceanographic settings explain fluctuations in Dinophysis spp. and concentrations of diarrhetic shellfish toxin in the plankton community within a mussel farm area on the Swedish west coast

Godhe¹,

Svensson²,

Rehnstam-Holm³

2002

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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The influence of hydrographic, biological and meteorological variables on the abundance of Dinophysis spp. and the concentration of diarrhetic shellfish toxin (DST) in the plankton population were investigated in a mussel (Mytilus edulis) farm area on the Swedish west coast. This location provided an opportunity to simultaneously compare Dinophysis spp. cell numbers, concentration of DST in natural phytoplankton assemblages and toxicity of mussel tissues. Sampling was performed every other day from October 10 to November 5, 2000, and on each occasion, 5 randomly selected sites were sampled. During this period, 3 distinct water masses passed through the vicinity of the mussel farm. The second water mass, characterized by low salinity and nitrogen concentration, was probably advected into the area from surface waters in the nearby Skagerrak. This low salinity water also contained a high abundance of Dinophysis spp., and high concentrations of DST were recorded in the phytoplankton population. Multivariate analysis (projection to latent structures by means of partial least squares, PLS) determined that the principal variables influencing the concentration of DST in the plankton assemblage were the causative species (D. acuminata, D. acuta and D. norvegica) and salinity. The abundance of the 3 Dinophysis spp. was inversely correlated to salinity. A rapid increase in the toxicity of mussels in response to the high levels of DST was observed. The concentration of DST had doubled within 2 d of the appearance of Dinophysis spp. After 8 d, the water mass containing Dinophysis spp. was replaced and cell numbers again returned to low levels. The concentration of DST in the phytoplankton samples remained high for another 2 d after the number of Dinophysis spp. had declined and the toxicity of mussels continued to be high for the remainder of the study. Causes of the rapid intoxication versus slow detoxification of mussels are discussed. These results suggest that present monitoring programs are insufficient to provide early warning of toxic blooms to aquaculturists on the Swedish west coast.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Oceanographic settings explain fluctuations in Dinophysis spp. and concentrations of diarrhetic shellfish toxin in the plankton community within a mussel farm area on the Swedish west coast

Godhe¹,

Svensson²,

Rehnstam-Holm³

2002

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…Mussel size has previously been speculated (but not proven) to be negatively correlated with toxin depuration rate (Duinker et al, 2007). The depuration rates in the present study cover only the first few days of depuration, and if there is both a labile and a more slowly depurated toxin pool as suggested by Blanco et al (1999) and Moroño et al (2003), then our one-compartment model could overestimate the depuration rates.…”

Section: Depurationmentioning

confidence: 54%

“…Depuration (or detoxification) has been studied more intensely using mussels contaminated in situ. Effects of various parameters, including food availability (Blanco et al, 1999;Svensson, 2003;Svensson and F€ orlin, 2004;Marcaillou et al, 2010), temperature (Shumway and Cembella, 1993;Blanco et al, 1999) and mussel size and lipid content (Svensson and F€ orlin, 2004;Duinker et al, 2007) have been evaluated using different mussel species. Reported toxin half-life times vary substantially, from less than a day to 25 days, but despite the efforts, depuration kinetics of DSP toxins is far from well understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accumulation, transformation and breakdown of DSP toxins from the toxic dinoflagellate Dinophysis acuta in blue mussels, Mytilus edulis

Nielsen

Hansen

Krock

et al. 2016

Toxicon

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a b s t r a c tOkadaic acid (OA), dinophysistoxins (DTX) and pectenotoxins (PTX) produced by the dinoflagellates Dinophysis spp. can accumulate in shellfish and cause diarrhetic shellfish poisoning upon human consumption. Shellfish toxicity is a result of algal abundance and toxicity as well as accumulation and depuration kinetics in mussels. We mass-cultured Dinophysis acuta containing OA, DTX-1b and PTX-2 and fed it to the blue mussel, Mytilus edulis under controlled laboratory conditions for a week to study toxin accumulation and transformation. Contents of OA and DTX-1b in mussels increased linearly with incubation time, and the net toxin accumulation was 66% and 71% for OA and DTX-1b, respectively. Large proportions (z50%) of both these toxins were transformed to fatty acid esters. Most PTX-2 was transformed to PTX-2 seco-acid and net accumulation was initially high, but decreased progressively throughout the experiment, likely due to esterification and loss of detectability. We also quantified depuration during the subsequent four days and found half-life times of 5e6 days for OA and DTX-1b. Measurements of dissolved toxins revealed that depuration was achieved through excreting rather than metabolizing toxins. This is the first study to construct a full mass balance of DSP toxins during both accumulation and depuration, and we demonstrate rapid toxin accumulation in mussels at realistic in situ levels of Dinophysis. Applying the observed accumulation and depuration kinetics, we model mussel toxicity, and demonstrate that a concentration of only 75 Dinophysis cells l À1 is enough to make 60 mm long mussels exceed the regulatory threshold for OA equivalents.

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“…This apparent "over contamination" at an early stage of the decontamination has been already described (Marcaillou et al 1993;Blanco et al 1999). In a review, Blanco et al (2005) proposed a model describing the evolution of OA and its derivatives over the course of decontamination.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Effect of food supply on the detoxification in the blue mussel,Mytilus edulis, contaminated by diarrhetic shellfish toxins

Marcaillou

Haure

Mondeguer

et al. 2010

Aquat. Living Resour.

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-The objective of this study was to identify a possible effect of food on the acceleration of decontamination in blue mussels, Mytilus edulis, containing diarrhetic toxins belonging to the okadaic acid (OA) structural group. An experimental protocol was designed to describe and compare the decontamination kinetics and detoxification rates of naturally OA-contaminated mussels that had either received or not received food for three weeks. The protocol was applied in two trials (in June 2006 and June 2007, called Ker06 and Ker07), conducted one year apart on samples of mussels collected in the same area, at the same season. Okadaic acid (OA), the main lipophilic toxin produced by the toxic alga Dinophysis acuminata, was analysed over the course of the decontamination, in hydrolysed (total OA) and non hydrolysed (free OA) digestive gland extracts, in order to estimate acyl-esters (7-O-acyl-ester derivatives of OA) concentrations. OA analyses were also made for toxin presence in biodeposits and in the aqueous phase. Bivalve physiological status was evaluated by biomass measurements (dry weight of flesh) and two biochemical compounds (total lipid and glycogen concentrations). Measured physiological parameters showed that mussels did not suffer under experimental conditions. Both trials showed that the food accelerated the elimination of free and total OA. This effect cannot be attributed to a dilution of the toxin in the tissue, as results expressed in toxin burden led to the same conclusion. The kinetic models of decontamination differed between the two experiments: the model was linear for Ker06, provided that the values corresponding to the first two days were discarded, whereas data fitted a decreasing exponential curve better in Ker07. Detoxification rates increased as the food supply increased. After three weeks of experimentation, the detoxification rates for total OA in Ker06 and Ker07 were 52 and 61%, respectively, in unfed mussels and 90 and 89% in fed mussels (with the highest level in Ker07). Comparisons between the free OA and esters showed that detoxification rate was higher for free OA than for esters, whatever the level of food supply. The results of this study suggest that food increase probably accelerates elimination of OA and OA-esters but the latter are eliminated at a lower speed. Key words:Mussel / Feeding / Digestive gland / Depuration / Okadaic acid / Acyl esters / Marine lipophilic biotoxins / Mass spectrometry Résumé -L'objectif de cette étude est de mettre en évidence un effet éventuel de la nourriture sur la vitesse de décontamination de moules, Mytilus edulis, contenant des toxines diarrhéiques de la famille de l'acide okadaïque (OA). Un protocole expérimental est conçu pour décrire les cinétiques durant 3 semaines d'expérience et comparer les taux de détoxication d'une part chez des moules nourries et d'autre part chez des moules maintenues à jeun. Ce protocole est appliqué sur des moules prélevées au même endroit, à la même saison, en 2006et 2007. L'acide okadaïque, principale ...

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Okadaic acid depuration in the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis:one- and two-compartment models and the effect of environmental conditions

Cited by 47 publications

References 12 publications

Oceanographic settings explain fluctuations in Dinophysis spp. and concentrations of diarrhetic shellfish toxin in the plankton community within a mussel farm area on the Swedish west coast

Oceanographic settings explain fluctuations in Dinophysis spp. and concentrations of diarrhetic shellfish toxin in the plankton community within a mussel farm area on the Swedish west coast

Accumulation, transformation and breakdown of DSP toxins from the toxic dinoflagellate Dinophysis acuta in blue mussels, Mytilus edulis

Effect of food supply on the detoxification in the blue mussel,Mytilus edulis, contaminated by diarrhetic shellfish toxins

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