Old Industrial Areas Revitalization: Foreign Experience

Abstract

Situated 15 kilometres west of the Belgian border in northern France, the city of Lille is one of the largest cities in France and the most important in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region. During the Industrial Revolution, this area developed its textile, mechanical, chemical and mining industries, making it one of the leaders in France's industrial development from the 19 th century until the mid-20 th . The city spreads out over 34.8 km2, and had a population of 232,082 in 2008. There are two wider sub-regional structures of which the City of Lille is part: the Lille Metropolitan Urban Community (Lille Métropole Communauté Urbaine) or 'LMCU', France's 4th largest Metropolitan Community after Paris, Lyon and Marseille; and the Lille-Kortrijk-Tournai Eurométropole, established in 2008, regrouping 2.032 million people as Europe's largest uninterrupted cross-border conurbation.At the start of World War I Lille was one of the most important European Centres of the textile industry, but its occupation by German forces in both World Wars, the impact of the 1929 depression, and a subsequent lack of investment sowed the seeds of a decline that accelerated after the second world war. people to become 'green leaders' 62 . Alongside that, social justice and environmentalism are seen as one and the same. Aubry talks about the 'eco-conditionality' of public policy which states that every decision must answer yes to two questions: "Does this project contribute to the reduction of inequalities?" "Does this project contribute to preserving the balance between man and natural resources?" 63 . Box 4: Lille Agenda 21main themes for actionModes of production and consumption: City policies on green purchasing, better management of waste, promotion of recycling, locally grown food in schools, new businesses for producing green goods, public information and education activities.Energy and climate plan: reduction of energy use in all city facilities including social housing units (to save up to 45,000 tonnes of CO 2 p.a.), reduction of energy use for public lighting and heating (36% reduction for lighting in 5 years to 2009), actions to reduce fuel poverty and the impact of climate change on the most excluded citizens, production of a thermal map of the city to identify hotspots and engage public awareness.Health and sustainable development A new aspect of the 2010-14 plan involving health improvements to nutrition and health, particularly in disadvantaged neighbourhoods, including 50% organic products in schools, reduction of CMR (carcinogenic and poisonous) substances, employment health, improvements in air quality. Sustainable city and housing:Engender a collective and dynamic identity, good quality of life for all in all neighbourhoods, reduction in social inequalities and environmental degradation. This includes the development of 7 'eco-neighbourhoods'; higher thermal and eco-performance through renovations and in new build, grants for insulation works, solar cell installation, surface water collection and related works; non-polluting...

The concept of creating a form-based code of Zelenodolsk

“…The authors considered the work analysing the experience of reorganization of the urban planning structure, infrastructure support, and environmental transformations of industrial cities of a single-industry type [8][9][10]. We also studied works on the transformation of industrial areas and their flexible integration into the structure of the city [11][12]. The experience of existing approaches to defining the image of a city has been studied [13][14].…”