Oleanane Triterpenes from the Flowers of Camellia japonica Inhibit Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (PEDV) Replication

Abstract

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) infections have resulted in a severe economic loss in the swine industry in many countries due to no effective treatment approach. Fifteen oleanane triterpenes (1-15), including nine new ones (1-4 and 10-14), were isolated from the flowers of Camellia japonica, and their molecular structures were determined by extensive spectroscopic methods. These compounds were evaluated for their antiviral activity against PEDV replication, and the structure-activity relationships (SARs) were discussed. Compounds 6, 9, 11, and 13 showed most potent inhibitory effects on PEDV replication. They were found to inhibit PEDV genes encoding GP6 nucleocapsid, GP2 spike, and GP5 membrane protein synthesis based on RT-PCR data. Western blot analysis also demonstrated their inhibitory effects on PEDV GP6 nucleocapsid and GP2 spike protein synthesis during viral replication. The present study suggested the potential of compounds 6, 9, 11, and 13 as promising scaffolds for treating PEDV infection via inhibiting viral replication.

Quantitative Proteomic Analysis Reveals Antiviral and Anti-inflammatory Effects of Puerarin in Piglets Infected With Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus

“…Previous studies showed that PR inhibited HIV-1 replication and human respiratory syncytial virus activities in vitro (20,21). Some medicinal herbal extracts, such as oleanane triterpenes from the flowers of Camellia japonica, Sophorae radix, Acanthopanacis cortex, Sanguisorbae radix, and Torilis fructus, can inhibit PEDV replication (49,50). To date, there is little information regarding an anti-PEDV effect of PR.…”

“…Lin et al found that the water extract of Pueraria lobata Ohwi has anti-viral activity against human respiratory syncytial virus in human respiratory tract cell lines (21). Therefore, these results suggest that PR could Abbreviations: GBPs, guanylate-binding proteins; HPRT1, hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1; IFIT3, interferon-induced protein 3; IL-1β, interleukin−1β; IL-8, interleukin-8; ISGs, interferon-stimulated genes; MCP-1, monocyte chemotactic protein 1; NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa-B; OAS1, 2 ′ -5 ′ oligoadenylate synthetase 1; PEDV, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus; PEDV-M, membrane protein (porcine epidemic diarrhea virus); PEDV-N, nucleocapsid protein (Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus); RPL4, ribosomal protein L4; TCID 50 , 50% tissue culture infectious dose; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor α. be a promising supplement for antiviral therapy. However, little is known about its effectiveness against PEDV infection.…”

Antiviral effect of lithium chloride on porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in vitro

“…Vaccination is a fundamental strategy for controlling and eradicating PED during epidemic or endemic outbreaks, but the efficacy is limited (Baek et al, 2016;Shen et al, 2015). Until now there is no recorded clinically effective antiviral chemotherapeutic agent for treatment of disease caused by PEDV, even several compounds were demonstrated having antiviral activity in PEDV-infected Vero cells (Deejai et al, 2017;Yang et al, 2015;Lee et al, 2015;Kwon et al, 2013;Choi et al, 2009). So it is important to develop an effective strategy against PEDV infection.…”

Rapamycin-induced autophagy restricts porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infectivity in porcine intestinal epithelial cells

“…To protect against PEDV infection, various prophylactics have been developed using Escherichia coli expressing PEDV neutral single chain variable fragments (Pyo et al, 2009), plant extracts (Choi et al, 2009;Lee et al, 2015;Yang et al, 2015), and chemicals such as antiviral drugs (Kim and Lee, 2013). Most studies have used African monkey kidney epithelial cell lines such as VeroE6 while PEDV targets the porcine cells.…”