Olfaction in Primary Atrophic Rhinitis and Effect of Treatment

Abstract

Objective To assess olfactory and clinical morbidity in primary (idiopathic)–type atrophic rhinitis and its course following treatment. Study Design Prospective nonrandomized controlled cohort study with follow-up. Setting Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery of a university hospital (tertiary heath care center). Methods Sixty-one patients with atrophic rhinitis underwent assessment of clinical severity with baseline olfaction with the Brief Smell Identification test, while the improvement of their status following surgical versus nonsurgical treatment was further assessed. Results Olfaction was universally deranged with bimodal age presentation and female predominance (61%). Clinical improvement was significantly associated with surgical treatment but did not reveal any relation with up-front severity of disease. A near-significant association of age with severity did not reveal significance when stratified by age group. Baseline olfaction or its change following treatment did not reveal any significance with severity of disease or clinical improvement. Radiologic atrophy also did not reveal any significant relation with severity criteria. Conclusions Olfactory functions as compared with clinical parameters provided better reflection of underlying (systemic) pathology with environmental interaction, while later it mainly signified localized condition. Accordingly, olfaction was affected early and recovered slowly (or not at all), independent of clinical morbidity, which in turn is affected rather late but recovers early. Olfactory dysfunction at the initial stage may be a surrogate marker of potential worsening clinical condition, since bacteria often superinfect underlying susceptible nasal environment. While surgery mainly improved clinical parameters without affecting olfaction directly, a true improvement would include recovery of both.

Impact of Platelet-Rich Plasma on Injuried Nasal Mucosa in Chronic Atrophic Rhinitis

“…Особи, які доглядають за онкохворими, відіграють важливу роль у зниженні смертності онкохворих завдяки ефективній паліативній допомозі та підтримці клінічного менеджмен-ту [2]. Понад 90% людей, які живуть з раком, мають опікуна (друга або члена сім'ї), який може надавати їм допомогу протягом усього періоду хвороби та лікування [3]. Особи, які здійснюють догляд, відіграють провідну роль у моделях на-…”

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Diagnosis and Treatment Strategy of Nasogenic Olfactory Dysfunction

“…Olfactory disorders caused by different nasal diseases are accompanied by different etiologies [19], leading to different degrees and properties of olfactory disorders. These causes are mainly divided into: (1) traumatic OD – damage or interruption of the olfactory nerve caused by nasal trauma and nasal surgery [20]; (2) obstructive OD – nasal benign or malignant masses and congenital anatomical abnormalities that can block the flow of odor molecules to the olfactory area and cause olfactory disorders [21]; (3) infectious olfactory disorders – infectious OD, such as acute rhinitis [22], allergic rhinitis (AR) [23], chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) [24], and so on; (4) neurodegenerative OD: OD with atrophy of the mucosa in the olfactory area due to inflammatory destruction, which occurs in diseases such as atrophic rhinitis [25].…”

“…(4) Neurodegenerative OD: Atrophic rhinitis is a kind of nasal refractory disease. OD often occurs in the early stage of atrophic rhinitis [25]. Clinical symptoms of atrophic rhinitis include dry nose, atrophy of the nasal mucosa, abnormal volume of the nasal cavity, olfactory disorder and yellow-green mucus in the nasal cavity, feeling odor, and so on.…”

The Representation of Radical Feminism in Black Widow Movie Directed by Cate Shortland

“…When we allow ourselves to care for those around us, we can live a truly happier and more complete life. Shukla and Mishra (2020) said feminism has outsourced an insight of equal opportunity, humanity and a peaceful world full of love, understanding and logical life for all kinds of people. It means the purpose of feminism is to fights for a peaceful future that considers women, other people marginalized people, and gender and help feminism will help people to have a good view of world as far as women's issues are concerned.…”