Olfactory bulb neurogenesis depending on signaling in the subventricular zone

Abstract

Olfaction is a crucial sense that is essential for the well-being and survival of individuals. Olfactory bulb (OB) is the first olfactory relay station, and its function depends on newly generated neurons from the subventricular zone (SVZ). These newly born neurons constantly migrate through the rostral migratory stream to integrate into existing neural networks within the OB, thereby contributing to olfactory information processing. However, the mechanisms underlying the contribution of SVZ adult neurogenesis to OB neurogenesis remain largely elusive. Adult neurogenesis is a finely regulated multistep process involving the proliferation of adult neural stem cells (aNSCs) and neural precursor cells, as well as the migration and differentiation of neuroblasts, and integration of newly generated neurons into preexisting neuronal circuitries. Recently, extensive studies have explored the mechanism of SVZ and OB neurogenesis. This review focused on elucidating various molecules and signaling pathways associated with OB neurogenesis dependent on the SVZ function. A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the OB neurogenesis on the adult brain is an attractive prospect to induce aNSCs in SVZ to generate new neurons to ameliorate olfactory dysfunction that is involved in various diseases. It will also contribute to developing new strategies for the human aNSCs-based therapies.

Subthalamic nucleus but not entopeduncular nucleus deep brain stimulation enhances neurogenesis in the SVZ-olfactory bulb system of Parkinsonian rats

“…In contrast, the specificity of the neurogenic effects of STN-DBS with respect to the stimulation target is a strong argument for an indirect stimulation of direct or indirect afferents to the SVZ neurogenic niche as already shown for hippocampal neurogenesis enhanced by electrical stimulation of hippocampal afferents ( Derrick et al, 2000 ; Bruel-Jungerman et al, 2006 ; Toda et al, 2008 ; Encinas et al, 2011 ; Stone et al, 2011 ). However, the corresponding neurogenic network regulating SVZ-OB neurogenesis ( Chen et al, 2023 ) with regard to STN-DBS effects remains to be determined, especially since direct interconnections between the STN and the medial part of the striatum/SVZ are only sparse ( Groenewegen and Berendse, 1990 ; Schmitt et al, 2016 ).…”

Influence of β‐catenin signaling on neurogenesis in neuropsychiatric disorders: Anxiety and depression

“…Hippocampus rather than subventricular is pivotal for mood regulation, which is related to anxiety and depression disorders (Dutheil et al, 2009;Zhao et al, 2018). Recently, Chen et al showed that the olfactory bulb is another neurogenesis niche that relies on the subventricular zone (Chen et al, 2023). Rottstaedt et al revealed that the olfactory bulb volume may be used as a depression biomarker, however, it is insufficient to F I G U R E 2 Role of β-catenin toward psychopathology or psychotherapy depends on its phosphorylation site and body state.…”