Olfactory reference syndrome: a systematic review of the world literature

Begum, Millia; McKenna, Peter J.

doi:10.1017/s0033291710001091

Cited by 74 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The mean age at ORS onset in the literature is the early or mid 20s [3], but some researchers have found a mean onset of 15.6 ± 5.7 years [7]. The age onset of ORS symptoms in our patient was 22 years which was similar to the literature.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

The olfactory reference syndrome treated with escitalopram: A case report

Balaban

Boz²,

Şenyaşar

et al. 2015

MMJ

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Olfactory reference syndrome (ORS) is a clinical condition that causes patients to be excessively anxious about emitting body odors that may be offensive for other people. This causes heavy distress and depression, even leading to suicides. The ORS is classifised under different categories.In this paper, we report a patient with ORS. She has a preoccupation of foul body odor emanating from her anal region which we treated with escitalopram. We also discuss, within the framework of this case, the place of ORS in systems of clinical classified and in literature. Keywords: Olfactory reference syndrome, Classification, Treatment ÖZETOlfaktör referans sendromu (ORS), hastaların diğer insanlar için rahatsız edici olabilecek nitelikte kötü kokular yaydıkları konusunda oldukça endişeli olduğu klinik bir durumdur. Bu durum, şiddetli stres ve depresyona sebep olup, intihara bile yol açabilmektedir. Olfaktör referans sendromu, sınıflandırma sistemlerinde ve literatürde farklı kategoriler altında değerlendirilmektedir.Bu yazıda, essitalopram ile tedavi edilen, anal bölgesinden kaynaklanan kötü kokular yaydığına dair preoküpasyonları olan bir ORS vakasını ve bu vaka çercevesinde ORS'nu, sınıflandırma sistemlerinde ve literatürde farklı kategoriler altında tartıştık.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

The olfactory reference syndrome treated with escitalopram: A case report

Balaban

Boz²,

Şenyaşar

et al. 2015

MMJ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The person also may or may not be able to smell their body odor. 33 This odor might originate from the mouth (halitosis), genitals, anus (including flatus or feces), feet, underarms, urine, or sweat. Occasionally, there are reports of non-bodily odors (e.g., old cheese, rotten eggs, or ammonia).…”

Section: Olfactory Reference Disordermentioning

confidence: 99%

Body dysmorphic disorder and olfactory reference disorder: proposals for ICD-11

Veale

Matsunaga

2014

Rev. Bras. Psiquiatr.

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The article reviews the historical background and symptoms of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) and olfactory reference disorder, and describes the proposals of the WHO ICD-11 Working Group on the Classification of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders related to these categories. This paper examines the possible classification of BDD symptoms in ICD-10. Four different possible diagnoses are found (hypochondriacal disorder, schizotypal disorder, delusional disorder, or other persistent delusional disorder). This has led to significant confusion and lack of clear identification in ICD-10. Olfactory reference disorder can also be classified as a delusional disorder in ICD-10, but there is no diagnosis for non-delusional cases. The Working Group reviewed the classification and diagnostic criteria of BDD in DSM-5, as well as cultural variations of BDD and olfactory reference disorder that include Taijin Kyofusho. The Working Group has proposed the inclusion of both BDD and olfactory reference disorder in ICD-11, and has provided diagnostic guidelines and guidance on differential diagnosis. The Working Group's proposals for ICD-11 related to BDD and olfactory reference disorder are consistent with available global evidence and current understanding of common mechanisms in obsessive-compulsive and related disorders, and resolve considerable confusion inherent in ICD-10. The proposals explicitly recognize cultural factors. They are intended to improve clinical utility related to appropriate identification, treatment, and resource allocation related to these disorders.

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“…O DSM-IV 3 , apesar de não classificar a SRO em uma categoria diagnóstica específica, a considera um transtorno delirante de tipo somático. Em um recente artigo de revisão sistemática, em que foram encontrados 84 relatos de casos de SRO, os autores desses relatos expressaram ceticismo quanto à natureza delirante da crença em boa parte dos casos 4 . Outro estudo, realizado no Brasil por Prazeres et al 5 , observou que apenas 21% dos pacientes apresentavam crenças delirantes.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…Em relação ao tratamento, as drogas mais utilizadas são os antidepressivos, sobretudo os inibidores de recaptação da serotonina (IRSs) 9 , embora os antipsicóticos também sejam citados 4 . Há relatos de casos que sugerem que a combinação de ambos seja eficaz 5 .…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

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Considerações sobre a clínica e o tratamento de uma manifestação incomum do transtorno dismórfico corporal: a síndrome de referência olfatória

Gebara

Neto

2011

J. bras. psiquiatr.

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rESUMoNeste relato, descreve-se o caso de um rapaz de 23 anos que apresentava a crença de exalar um odor desagradável proveniente da transpiração e acreditava que incomodava as outras pessoas. O paciente foi medicado com amissulprida associada a técnicas de terapia cognitivo-comportamental (TCC), tendo havido acentuada melhora do quadro clínico. Foram abordados aspectos relativos à nosologia e às manifestações clínicas da síndrome de referência olfatória (SRO), e o seu tratamento foi discutido. Observou-se que experimentos comportamentais envolvendo exposição com desafio às crenças delirantes podem ser úteis no tratamento desse transtorno e que os antipsicóticos, particularmente a amissulprida, podem ser uma boa alternativa aos inibidores de recaptação da serotonina (IRSs) no tratamento da SRO.

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Olfactory reference syndrome: a systematic review of the world literature

Abstract: ORS is a primary psychiatric syndrome that does not fit well into its current classification as a subtype of delusional disorder, both in terms of its nosology and its response to treatment.

Cited by 74 publications

References 31 publications

The olfactory reference syndrome treated with escitalopram: A case report

The olfactory reference syndrome treated with escitalopram: A case report

Body dysmorphic disorder and olfactory reference disorder: proposals for ICD-11

Considerações sobre a clínica e o tratamento de uma manifestação incomum do transtorno dismórfico corporal: a síndrome de referência olfatória

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