Olfactory System of Highly Trained Dogs Detects Prostate Cancer in Urine Samples

Taverna, Gianluigi; Tidu, Lorenzo; Grizzi, Fabio; Torri, Valter; Mandressi, A.; Sardella, Paolo; Torre, Giuseppe La; Cocciolone, Giampiero; Seveso, M.; Giusti, Guido; Hurle, Rodolfo; Santoro, Armando; Graziotti, P.

doi:10.1016/j.juro.2014.09.099

Cited by 106 publications

(112 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…[25][26][27][28] Methodologies for in-vitro training and testing of DADs for the detection of hypoglycemia are being refined. 3 This is the first study to assess trained dog alerts concurrently with blinded CGM.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliability of Trained Dogs to Alert to Hypoglycemia in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes

Los

Ramsey

Guttmann‐Bauman

et al. 2016

J Diabetes Sci Technol

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Background: We examined the reliability of trained dogs to alert to hypoglycemia in individuals with type 1 diabetes. Methods: Patients with type 1 diabetes who currently used diabetes alert dogs participated in this exploratory study. Subjects reported satisfaction, perceived dog glucose sensing ability and reasons for obtaining a trained dog. Reliability of dog alerts was assessed using capillary blood glucose (CBG) and blinded continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) as comparators in 8 subjects (age 4-48). Hypoglycemia was defined as CBG or CGM <70 mg/dL. Results: Dog users were very satisfied (8.9/10 on a Likert-type scale) and largely confident (7.9/10) in their dog’s ability to detect hypoglycemia. Detection of hypoglycemia was the primary reason for obtaining a trained dog. During hypoglycemia, spontaneous dog alerts occurred at a rate 3.2 (2.0-5.2, 95% CI) times higher than during euglycemia (70-179 mg/dL). Dogs provided timely alerts in 36% (sensitivity) of all hypoglycemia events (n = 45). Due to inappropriate alerts, the PPV of a dog alert for hypoglycemia was 12%. When there was concurrence of a hypoglycemic event between the dog alert and CGM (n = 30), CGM would have alerted prior to the dog in 73% of events (median 22-minute difference). Conclusions: This is the first study evaluating reliability of trained dogs to alert to hypoglycemia under real-life conditions. Trained dogs often alert a human companion to otherwise unknown hypoglycemia; however due to high false-positive rate, a dog alert alone is unlikely to be helpful in differentiating hypo-/hyper-/euglycemia. CGM often detects hypoglycemia before a trained dog by a clinically significant margin.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliability of Trained Dogs to Alert to Hypoglycemia in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes

Los

Ramsey

Guttmann‐Bauman

et al. 2016

J Diabetes Sci Technol

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“…Recently, Taverna et al [34] reported the capability of two highly trained dogs to discriminate urine samples of patients having prostate cancer from healthy ones, achieving a diagnostic accuracy in terms of both sensitivity and specificity of over 97%, and subsequently for detecting biochemical recurrence following radical prostatectomy [35]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application and Uses of Electronic Noses for Clinical Diagnosis on Urine Samples: A Review

Capelli

Taverna

Bellini

et al. 2016

Sensors

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The electronic nose is able to provide useful information through the analysis of the volatile organic compounds in body fluids, such as exhaled breath, urine and blood. This paper focuses on the review of electronic nose studies and applications in the specific field of medical diagnostics based on the analysis of the gaseous headspace of human urine, in order to provide a broad overview of the state of the art and thus enhance future developments in this field. The research in this field is rather recent and still in progress, and there are several aspects that need to be investigated more into depth, not only to develop and improve specific electronic noses for different diseases, but also with the aim to discover and analyse the connections between specific diseases and the body fluids odour. Further research is needed to improve the results obtained up to now; the development of new sensors and data processing methods should lead to greater diagnostic accuracy thus making the electronic nose an effective tool for early detection of different kinds of diseases, ranging from infections to tumours or exposure to toxic agents.

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“…2 The ability of the dogs was tested on urine samples from subjects with low risk to metastatic PC and samples from healthy controls in a study with a cross-sectional design for diagnostic accuracy. Dog 1 achieved 100% sensitivity and 98.7% specificity, and dog 2 achieved 98.6% sensitivity and 97.6% specificity.…”

Section: Dog Olfactory System Detects Prostate Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

This Month in Investigative Urology

Andersson¹

2015

Journal of Urology

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Olfactory System of Highly Trained Dogs Detects Prostate Cancer in Urine Samples

Abstract: A trained canine olfactory system can detect prostate cancer specific volatile organic compounds in urine samples with high estimated sensitivity and specificity. Further studies are needed to investigate the potential predictive value of this procedure to identify prostate cancer.

Cited by 106 publications

References 29 publications

Reliability of Trained Dogs to Alert to Hypoglycemia in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes

Reliability of Trained Dogs to Alert to Hypoglycemia in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes

Application and Uses of Electronic Noses for Clinical Diagnosis on Urine Samples: A Review

This Month in Investigative Urology

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