Oligonol, a Low-molecular Weight Polyphenol Extracted from Lychee Fruit, Modulates Cholesterol Metabolism in Rats within a Short Period

Abstract

IntroductionThe increase in lifestyle-related diseases following the diversification of eating habits, including dyslipidemia, cardiovascular diseases, and obesity has become a social problem in developed countries. In particular, cardiovascular disease, which causes arteriosclerosis, is one of the leading causes of death in Japan 1 . Therefore, the prevention or amelioration of dyslipidemias, such as hypercholesterolemia, would help to reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases.There is growing interest in hypocholesterolemic effect of various food components, especially polyphenols, such as tea catechin 2 . Polyphenols are present in a wide range of food products derived from plants such as vegetables, fruits, and beans. Procyanidins are composed of catechin and epicatechin oligomers and exert many health benefits, such as cancer prevention, cardiovascular protection, and diabetes prevention 3 . In a recent study, absorption of low molecular weight procyanidins, including dimers, was observed in rats 4 , while the bioavailability of high molecular

Comparison of the Cholesterol-Lowering Effect of Scallop Oil Prepared from the Internal Organs of the Japanese Giant Scallop (<i>Patinopecten yessoensis</i>), Fish Oil, and Krill Oil in Obese Type II Diabetic KK-<i>A</i> ^<i>y</i> Mice

“…Our previous study also showed that SCO intake increased liver Cyp7a1 expression level 11 . Hayashi et al reported that increasing taurinebinding βMCA TβMCA , an antagonist of FXR, in the ileum enhanced liver Cyp7a1 expression by suppressing the FXR/SHP1 pathway 47 . The SCO diet significantly increased fecal βMCA content compared to the control diet Fig.…”

Dietary Phospholipids Prepared From Scallop Internal Organs Attenuate the Serum and Liver Cholesterol Contents by Enhancing the Expression of Cholesterol Hydroxylase in the Liver of Mice

“…Several BA species are recognized as regulators of cholesterol metabolism through ligand-activated transcription factors of FXR ( 58 ). For example, taurine-conjugated βMCA (TβMCA) has been reported to be an antagonist of ileum FXR ( 59 ). In mice, BA is usually taurine-conjugated in the liver ( 60 , 61 ).…”

Dietary polyphenols maintain homeostasis via regulating bile acid metabolism: a review of possible mechanisms

“…Table S1 † summarizes these polyphenol extracts. [105][106][107][108][110][111][112][113][114]116,[119][120][121][122][123][124][125][126][127]130 Curcumin is a natural polyphenol beneficial to patients with NAFLD. It has been proved that curcumin of 50/100 mg per kg can be used as an activator of FXR to increase the transcription of CYP7A1 in C57BL/6 mice.…”