Olive Leaf Extract Attenuates Obesity in High‐Fat Diet‐Fed Mice by Modulating the Expression of Molecules Involved in Adipogenesis and Thermogenesis

Shen, Ying; Song, Su Jin; Keum, Narae; Park, Tae Sun

doi:10.1155/2014/971890

Cited by 68 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Previous studies show that the expression levels of UCP1 were significantly downregulated in sWAT by chronic HFD feeding (Fromme and Klingenspor 2011; Shen, et al 2014). In contrast to sWAT, BAT UCP1 had been shown to be induced by HFD feeding (Fromme and Klingenspor 2011; Shen et al 2014).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

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IL-33-driven ILC2/eosinophil axis in fat is induced by sympathetic tone and suppressed by obesity

Ding

Luo

Zhang

et al. 2016

Journal of Endocrinology

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Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) in white adipose tissue (WAT) promotes WAT browning and assists in preventing the development of obesity. However, how ILC2 in adipose tissue is regulated remains largely unknown. Here, our present study shows that ILC2s are present in brown adipose tissue (BAT) as well as subcutaneous and epididymal WAT (sWAT and eWAT). The fractions of ILC2s, Natural Killer T (NKT) cells and eosinophils in sWAT, eWAT and BAT are significantly decreased by high fat diet (HFD) feeding and leptin deficiency-induced obesity. Consistent with this, the adipose expression and circulating levels of IL-33, a key inducing cytokine of ILC2 are significantly downregulated by obesity. Furthermore, administration of IL-33 markedly increases the fraction of ILC2 and eosinophil as well as expression of UCP1 and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), a rate-limiting enzyme in catecholamine biosynthesis, in adipose tissue of HFD-fed mice. On the other hand, cold exposure induces the expression levels of IL-33 and UCP1 and the population of ILC2 and eosinophil in sWAT, and these promoting effects of cold stress are reversed by neutralization of IL-33 signaling in vivo. Moreover, the basal and cold-induced IL-33 and ILC2/eosinophil pathways are significantly suppressed by sympathetic denervation via local injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) in sWAT. Taken together, our data suggests that the ILC2/eosinophil axis in adipose tissue is regulated by sympathetic nervous system and obesity in IL-33-dependent manner, and IL-33-driven ILC2/eosinophil axis are implicated in the development of obesity.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…In contrast to sWAT, BAT UCP1 had been shown to be induced by HFD feeding (Fromme and Klingenspor 2011; Shen et al 2014). To further investigate the effect of HFD on UCP1 expression in BAT and sWAT, we performed time course study with HFD feeding for 1, 12, 20 and 32 weeks.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

IL-33-driven ILC2/eosinophil axis in fat is induced by sympathetic tone and suppressed by obesity

Ding

Luo

Zhang

et al. 2016

Journal of Endocrinology

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“…In vitro studies using human cell lines have suggested that OLE has anti-inflammatory [3] and anti-cancer effects [2]. In vivo animal studies suggest that OLE attenuates obesity from a high fat diet [4] and reduces impacts resulting from inflammatory cytokine production and insulin resistance [5]. These studies showed altered expression of genes in relevant pathways.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Intervention Study to Assess the Effects of Supplementation with Olive Leaf Extract on Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell Gene Expression

Boss

Kao

Murray

et al. 2016

IJMS

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Olive leaf extract (OLE) has been used for many years for its putative health benefits, but, to date, scientific evidence for the basis of these effects has been weak. Although recent literature has described a link between ailments such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes and cancer and a protective effect of polyphenols in the OLE, the mode of action is still unclear. Here, we describe a double-blinded placebo (PBO)-controlled trial, in which gene expression profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy male volunteers (n = 29) were analysed to identify genes that responded to OLE, following an eight-week intervention with 20 mL daily consumption of either OLE or PBO. Differences between groups were determined using an adjusted linear model. Subsequent analyses indicated downregulation of genes important in inflammatory pathways, lipid metabolism and cancer as a result of OLE consumption. Gene expression was verified by real-time PCR for three genes (EGR1, COX-2 and ID3). The results presented here suggest that OLE consumption may result in health benefits through influencing the expression of genes in inflammatory and metabolic pathways. Future studies with a larger study group, including male and female participants, looking into direct effects of OLE on lipid metabolism and inflammation are warranted.

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“…In adult animals, measurements in peripheral organs have yielded mixed results, with consumption of a fat-rich diet found to either stimulate or have no effect on the expression of PPAR γ and PPAR α (Kannisto et al, 2006, McIlroy et al, 2013, Penna-de-Carvalho et al, 2014, Shamsi et al, 2014, Shen et al, 2014). The only available evidence in the brain shows an increase in mRNA levels of PPAR γ in the hypothalamus of diet-induced obese mice, with no change in expression of PPAR α or PPAR β/δ (Diano et al, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal fat exposure and hypothalamic PPAR β/δ: Possible relationship to increased neurogenesis of orexigenic peptide neurons

et al. 2016

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Gestational exposure to a fat-rich diet, while elevating maternal circulating fatty acids, increases in the offspring's hypothalamus and amygdala the proliferation and density of neurons that express neuropeptides known to stimulate consummatory behavior. To understand the relationship between these phenomena, this study examined in the brain of postnatal offspring (day 15) the effect of prenatal fat exposure on the transcription factor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) β/δ, which is sensitive to fatty acids, and the relationship of PPAR β/δ to the orexigenic neuropeptides, orexin, melanin-concentrating hormone, and enkephalin. Prenatal exposure to a fat-rich diet compared to low-fat chow increased the density of cells immunoreactive for PPAR β/δ in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN), perifornical lateral hypothalamus (PFLH), and central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA), but not the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus or basolateral amygdaloid nucleus. It also increased co-labeling of PPAR β/δ with the cell proliferation marker, BrdU, or neuronal marker, NeuN, and the triple labeling of PPAR β/δ with BrdU plus NeuN, indicating an increase in proliferation and density of new PPAR β/δ neurons. Prenatal fat exposure stimulated the double-labeling of PPAR β/δ with orexin or melanin-concentrating hormone in the PFLH and enkephalin in the PVN and CeA and also triple-labeling of PPAR β/δ with BrdU and these neuropeptides, indicating that dietary fat increases the genesis of PPAR β/δ neurons that produce these peptides. These findings demonstrate a close anatomical relationship between PPAR β/δ and the increased proliferation and density of peptide-expressing neurons in the hypothalamus and amygdala of fat-exposed offspring.

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Olive Leaf Extract Attenuates Obesity in High‐Fat Diet‐Fed Mice by Modulating the Expression of Molecules Involved in Adipogenesis and Thermogenesis

Cited by 68 publications

References 44 publications

IL-33-driven ILC2/eosinophil axis in fat is induced by sympathetic tone and suppressed by obesity

IL-33-driven ILC2/eosinophil axis in fat is induced by sympathetic tone and suppressed by obesity

Human Intervention Study to Assess the Effects of Supplementation with Olive Leaf Extract on Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell Gene Expression

Prenatal fat exposure and hypothalamic PPAR β/δ: Possible relationship to increased neurogenesis of orexigenic peptide neurons

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