Omega 3 fatty acids and the brain: implications for nursing practice

Abstract

This article synthesises the current literature regarding the effects of omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega 3 PUFAs) in various neurological disorders and suggests implications for nursing practice. Omega 3 PUFAs are essential fatty acids and are crucial in cell functioning. Docosahexaenoic acid is a particularly important omega 3 PUFA that modulates the lipid bilayer of neuronal cell membranes, reduces inflammation and synthesises neuroprotectin D1, which has anti-apoptotic properties (preventing cell death). Omega 3 PUFAs are reported to have neuroprotective properties in Alzheimer's disease, ischaemia, epilepsy and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Because humans are not able to synthesise omega 3 PUFAs, the body's supply comes from consumption. Nursing practice should include assessment for risks of neurological disorders as well as education regarding omega 3 PUFA intake. Knowledge of omega 3 PUFAs allows the nurse to educate patients thoroughly and accurately regarding the importance of these supplements.