On Bidirectional DC Nano-Grids: Design Considerations and an Architecture Proposal

Vázquez, Aitor; Martin, K. P.; Arias, Manuel; Sebastián, J.

doi:10.3390/en12193715

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Reference [223] analyzed the bidirectional capabilities of the DC nano-grid and looked at practical DC network topologies for domestic loads considering two bus structures at 380 V and 24 Vdc. In contrast to conventional AC distribution systems, the (DC) 2 TM concept was developed to boost system reliability and efficiency for DC-integrated data centers.…”

Section: Voltage Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Future Distribution Networks: A Review

Javid,

Kocar,

Holderbaum

et al. 2024

Energies

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This manuscript presents a comprehensive review of recent advancements in electrical distribution networks, with a specific focus on the incorporation of direct current (DC) applications. The research aims to comprehensively address the current and future aspects of DC, spanning from the distribution level to the utilization level. The renewed interest in DC power systems has led to the investigation of several transitional challenges in recent years. A significant portion of these efforts has been dedicated to determining the feasibility of applying DC to specific use cases. Additionally, the literature has explored design considerations such as system architecture and voltage levels, the integration of DC into existing distribution networks, load flow (LF) computations, and the distinct safety concerns associated with DC power systems. In this paper, the various research endeavors are categorized, evaluated, and scrutinized to assess the current state of the transition from a purely alternating current (AC) distribution system to a solely DC or hybrid AC/DC distribution system. A bibliometric analysis is conducted, constructing a network of co-occurrence based on author-provided keywords, which reveals the primary research foci in this domain. The barriers hindering the widespread adoption of DC distribution systems and potential solutions are also discussed. Moreover, this article synthesizes ongoing efforts to address these obstacles and delineates future research directions by emphasizing the existing knowledge gaps.

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Section: Voltage Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Future Distribution Networks: A Review

Javid,

Kocar,

Holderbaum

et al. 2024

Energies

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“…The importance of DC distribution system is discussed for household applications is discussed in [16]. Voltage and current control scheme are designed for DC nano grid with different scenarios and the major benefits [17].…”

Section: Ac/dc Hmgs Modelling and Configrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy management system for AC/DC HMGS integrated with interconnected renewable sources and interlinking converter

Razzaq

Jayasankar²

2023

IJAPE

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AC/DC hybrid micro grid system (HMGS) is designed with renewable energy sources (RES) and battery energy storage system (BESS) with unique control schemes, interfaced with multi terminal interlinking converters (ILCs). This ILC operates on droop control scheme to guarantee bidirectional power sharing to AC/DC sub grids. The power sources in AC/DC sub grids like PV, Fuel cell, BESS are controlled by advance control methods for maximum power extraction with power quality. A three-level control structure is designed for optimal energy management system (EMS). The first level confirms the power balance in AC/DC sub grid with autonomous bidirectional power transfer via ILC in islanded mode. The second level tracks the batteries state of charge (SoC), based on the minimum and maximum SoC the battery operates for charging and discharging. The third level gives the power redundant capability for critical loads connected in AC/DC sub grid for DC system and single-phase system.

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“…The nanogrid under consideration was categorized as a standalone hybrid nanogrid composed of Photovoltaic (PV) panels, battery bank, DC/AC inverter, diesel generator, and a load representing the needs of a remote but fully equipped desert camp or tent [30]. Figure 1 illustrates the schematic of the nanogrid under consideration, while Figure 2 represents a microgrid's schematic formed by the interconnection of nanogrids.…”

Section: Fundamental Constituentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Objective Optimization of a Hybrid Nanogrid/Microgrid: Application to Desert Camps in Hafr Al-Batin

et al. 2021

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This paper presents an optimal design for a nanogrid/microgrid for desert camps in the city of Hafr Al-Batin in Saudi Arabia. The camps were designed to operate as separate nanogrids or to operate as an interconnected microgrid. The hybrid nanogrid/microgrid considered in this paper consists of a solar system, storage batteries, diesel generators, inverter, and load components. To offer the designer/operator various choices, the problem was formulated as a multi-objective optimization problem considering two objective functions, namely: the cost of electricity (COE) and the loss of power supply probability (LPSP). Furthermore, various component models were implemented, which offer a variety of equipment compilation possibilities. The formulated problem was then solved using the multi-objective evolutionary algorithm, based on both dominance and decomposition (MOEA/DD). Two cases were investigated corresponding to the two proposed modes of operation, i.e., nanogrid operation mode and microgrid operation mode. The microgrid was designed considering the interconnection of four nanogrids. The obtained Pareto front (PF) was reported for each case and the solutions forming this front were discussed. Based on this investigation, the designer/operator can select the most appropriate solution from the available set of solutions using his experience and other factors, e.g., budget, availability of equipment and customer-specific requirements. Furthermore, to assess the quality of the solutions found using the MOEA/DD, three different methods were used, and their results compared with the MOEA/DD. It was found that the MOEA/DD obtained better results (nondominated solutions), especially for the microgrid operation mode.

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On Bidirectional DC Nano-Grids: Design Considerations and an Architecture Proposal

Cited by 8 publications

References 35 publications

Future Distribution Networks: A Review

Future Distribution Networks: A Review

Energy management system for AC/DC HMGS integrated with interconnected renewable sources and interlinking converter

Multi-Objective Optimization of a Hybrid Nanogrid/Microgrid: Application to Desert Camps in Hafr Al-Batin

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