On Body and Off‐Body Performance Analysis of an Ashoka Tree Shaped Wearable Textile Antenna for Biomedical and Military Applications

Abstract

Textile antennas are currently attracting interest in the domain of medical research as the demand for medical applications such as patient monitoring, body diagnostics, and wireless body area networks between patient and doctor is expanding and becoming more widespread. Therefore, an antenna that operates in the Industrial, Scientific, and Medical band, specifically between 2.3 and 2.484 GHz, is required. Wearability, compactness, compatibility with the human body, low specific absorption rate (SAR), backward wave suppression, and high gain are the primary requirements for textile UWB antennas, according to Indumathi and Bhavithra (2017), M. A. Osman et al. (2011), andSanz-Izquierdo et al. (2007). (Oshin & Amit, 2017). Textile antennas have been created using a variety of materials.A unique category of antennas known as "textile antennas" is composed of substrates manufactured from common clothing materials as nylon, fleece, leather, cotton, polyester etc. (Nanda et al., 2018). Another study in Abirami and Sundarsingh (2017) suggested an AMC-backed printed Yagi-Uda antenna for on-body communication in order to reduce SAR and increase gain. The bending performance of a textile antenna was tested along vertical, horizontal, and concave-convex planes, and a bandwidth of 12 GHz was attained within the UWB application frequency range. The wearable antennas composed of full-denim textile are evaluated throughout the frequency range of 2-15 GHz in the water, wet state, and dried condition (M. A. R. Osman et al., 2012). Wearable antennas operate close to the body, therefore the loading effect of lossy tissue and structural deformation, such as bending and crumpling, must be considered (Sarestoniemi et al., 2021). Large ground planes (Mahmood et al., 2021) have been employed in body area network applications as insulating layers to shield the human body from dangerous radiation (