On causal links between flood basalts and continental breakup

Courtillot, Vincent; Jaupart, Claude; Manighetti, Isabelle; Tapponnier, Paul; Besse, J.

doi:10.1016/s0012-821x(98)00282-9

Cited by 705 publications

(409 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…In general, the formation and evolution of most LIPs are temporally and spatially associated with continental breakup and opening of oceanic basins, although the Siberian and Emeishan LIPs seem to correlate with aborted rifting (Richards et al, 1989;White and McKenzie, 1989;Coffin and Eldholm, 1994;Courtillot et al, 1999;Saunders, 2005;Ernst et al, 2005). Fig.…”

Section: Tectonic Evolution From Supercontinental Breakup To Continenmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Thick outpourings of flood basalts have been identified on rifted continental margins around the world and are closely connected with the onset of seafloor spreading (e.g., the Greenland traps and North Atlantic Igneous Province for the opening of the North Atlantic, the Deccan traps for the Indian Ocean, and the Paraná-Etendeka traps for the South Atlantic; White and McKenzie, 1989;Courtillot et al, 1999;Bryan and Ernst, 2008). Thus it is proposed that there are causal links between the formation of ancient LIPs and the growth, breakup and cycles of supercontinents, and they are critical for recognizing the episodes of continental breakup and constraining supercontinental reconstructions (White and McKenzie, 1989;Hill et al, 1992;Park et al, 1995;Saunders et al, 1996;Wingate et al, 1998;Courtillot et al, 1999;Li et al, 1999;2008a;Ernst et al, 2005Ernst et al, , 2008Ernst and Jowitt, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An 850–820Ma LIP dismembered during breakup of the Rodinia supercontinent and destroyed by Early Paleozoic continental subduction in the northern Tibetan Plateau, NW China

Song

Allen

et al. 2016

Precambrian Research

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Section: Tectonic Evolution From Supercontinental Breakup To Continenmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An 850–820Ma LIP dismembered during breakup of the Rodinia supercontinent and destroyed by Early Paleozoic continental subduction in the northern Tibetan Plateau, NW China

Song

Allen

et al. 2016

Precambrian Research

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“…Basaltic intrusions of this type, however, are not observed in the crystalline basement nor the sedimentary rocks in southern Oman. This relatively restricted occurrence, the fact that the alkaline magmatism is clearly older than the initiation of the Red Sea (Afar) rifting [Courtillot et al, 1999], and the absence of regional extensional tectonic in the Eocene sedimentary strata [e.g., Carbon, 1996] indicate that the Eocene alkaline magmatism is related with local plate reorganization in the Gulf of Oman. In Late Eocene the subduction zone located on the eastern side of the Gulf of Oman that led to ophiolite obduction in southern Pakistan choked [Gnos et al, 1998].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mantle xenolith‐bearing Maastrichtian to Tertiary alkaline magmatism in Oman

Gnos

Peters

2003

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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[1] Mantle xenolith-bearing alkali basalts, basanites and tephrites with 1.5-2 K 2 O and 4-5 wt% Na 2 O occur as small (<100 m) plugs and dikes in the Batain and Haushi-Huqf areas, and WNW of Muscat. Their black color and the common presence of peridotite xenoliths allow a separation from older alkaline rocks and from the ophiolitic extrusive rocks. Two main dike directions, approximately E-W and N-S oriented, are observed. Intrusions seem to occur where these two fault systems intersect. The basalts crosscut the Upper Maastrichtian siliciclastic rocks of the Fayah Formation and the nappe stack of the Eastern Ophiolite Belt of the Batain area. They have not been observed intruding the Tertiary shallow marine carbonates although K-Ar whole rock dating on these lavas yielded Late Eocene 37 ± 1 to 44 ± 1 Ma ages. The rocks are aphyric and fine-grained with microgranular, and less common microtrachytic texture. They contain magmatic olivine

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“…1 inset;Hoffman et al 1997;Ebinger & Sleep 1998;Courtillot et al 1999). From ∼25 to 20 Ma, while oceanic spreading developed in the RS and the AR, continental extension started in the Afar Depression (AD, Wolfenden et al 2005).…”

Section: The Triple-rift Junction In Afarmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current deformation in Central Afar and triple junction kinematics deduced from GPS and InSAR measurements

Doubre¹,

Déprez²,

Masson³

et al. 2016

Geophys. J. Int.

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S U M M A R YKinematics of divergent boundaries and Rift-Rift-Rift junctions are classically studied using long-term geodetic observations. Since significant magma-related displacements are expected, short-term deformation provides important constraints on the crustal mechanisms involved both in active rifting and in transfer of extensional deformation between spreading axes. Using InSAR and GPS data, we analyse the surface deformation in the whole Central Afar region in detail, focusing on both the extensional deformation across the Quaternary magmato-tectonic rift segments, and on the zones of deformation transfer between active segments and spreading axes. The largest deformation occurs across the two recently activated Asal-Ghoubbet (AG) and Manda Hararo-Dabbahu (MH-D) magmato-tectonic segments with very high strain rates, whereas the other Quaternary active segments do not concentrate any large strain, suggesting that these rifts are either sealed during interdyking periods or not mature enough to remain a plate boundary. Outside of these segments, the GPS horizontal velocity field shows a regular gradient following a clockwise rotation of the displacements from the Southeast to the East of Afar, with respect to Nubia. Very few shallow creeping structures can be identified as well in the InSAR data. However, using these data together with the strain rate tensor and the rotations rates deduced from GPS baselines, the present-day strain field over Central Afar is consistent with the main tectonic structures, and therefore with the long-term deformation. We investigate the current kinematics of the triple junction included in our GPS data set by building simple block models. The deformation in Central Afar can be described by adding a central microblock evolving separately from the three surrounding plates. In this model, the northern block boundary corresponds to a deep EW-trending trans-tensional dislocation, locked from the surface to 10-13 km and joining at depth the active spreading axes of the Red Sea and the Aden Ridge, from AG to MH-D rift segments. Over the long-term, this plate configuration could explain the presence of the en-échelon magmatic basins and subrifts. However, the transient behaviour of the spreading axes implies that the deformation in Central Afar evolves depending on the availability of magma supply within the well-established segments.

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On causal links between flood basalts and continental breakup

Cited by 705 publications

References 54 publications

An 850–820Ma LIP dismembered during breakup of the Rodinia supercontinent and destroyed by Early Paleozoic continental subduction in the northern Tibetan Plateau, NW China

An 850–820Ma LIP dismembered during breakup of the Rodinia supercontinent and destroyed by Early Paleozoic continental subduction in the northern Tibetan Plateau, NW China

Mantle xenolith‐bearing Maastrichtian to Tertiary alkaline magmatism in Oman

Current deformation in Central Afar and triple junction kinematics deduced from GPS and InSAR measurements

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