On Chip Antenna Measurement: A Survey of Challenges and Recent Trends

On-chip antenna: challenges and design considerations

“…In addition, including the exact layout of the metal structures in EM simulation can dramatically increase the simulation time. Moreover, the EM simulators are unable to account for all the attributes in the semiconductor processes, which can be studied well only in the IC design tool [20]. This issue can be resolved only when the full-wave EM simulations and circuit simulations can be run together, in either a single simulator or two simulators running in conjunction.…”

On the One-Antenna Gain Measurement Method in Probe Station Environment at mm-Wave Frequencies

“…Traditional antenna radiation pattern measurement is carried out with a "great-circle": the reference antenna in the AUT far-field is moved along orthodromic scan paths where the probe optical axis is kept pointing at the AUT. This method is also applied for the antennas measured in the probe station environment [59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66], and the challenging (e.g., accuracy, probe influence) in the on-wafer antenna measurement has been discussed in [67][68][69][70][71][72]. Another type of radiation pattern measurement in the probe station environment is the planar near-field measurement [48,[73][74][75].…”

5G wideband on‐chip dipole antenna for WSN soil moisture monitoring

“…Literature has described low power fully integrated sensors for WSN applications, 4‐7 but the lack of an integrated antenna discourages its usage for sensing applications. In modern microwave remote sensing, several bands are used: L‐band (1‐2 GHz), C‐band (4‐8 GHz), X‐band (8‐12 GHz), and K‐band (12‐40 GHz) 8 . This gives rise to the demand for fully integrated, miniaturized antennas that require performance optimization to fulfill different soil states.…”