On‐chip magnetophoretic capture in a model of malaria‐infected red blood cells

Giacometti, Marco; Monticelli, Marco; Piola, Marco; Milesi, Francesca; Coppadoro, L. P.; Giuliani, E; Jacchetti, Emanuela; Raimondi, Manuela Teresa; Ferrari, Giorgio; Antinori, Spinello; Fiore, Gianfranco Beniamino; Bertacco, Riccardo

doi:10.1002/bit.28030

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…By doing so, the authors were able to selectively detect hemozoin crystals but noticed that the system could not easily distinguish malaria infection from met-hemoglobin, a hemoglobin paramagnetic state [ 91 ]. Quite recently, the same team optimized the silicon chip with nickel microcapillars that, in the presence of a magnetic field, should interact with the hemozoin crystals of infected samples [ 92 ]. This causes infected RBCs to become stacked.…”

Section: Lab-on-a-chip and Other Microdevices For Hemozoin-based Mala...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This causes infected RBCs to become stacked. The authors used met-hemoglobin, converted from hemoglobin using NaNO 2 , to simulate infection [ 92 ]. In this model, with the proper agitation, 5 min are enough to attain 85% of capture efficiency [ 92 ].…”

Section: Lab-on-a-chip and Other Microdevices For Hemozoin-based Mala...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The authors used met-hemoglobin, converted from hemoglobin using NaNO 2 , to simulate infection [ 92 ]. In this model, with the proper agitation, 5 min are enough to attain 85% of capture efficiency [ 92 ]. Nevertheless, the same might not be achieved when using a real malaria sample.…”

Section: Lab-on-a-chip and Other Microdevices For Hemozoin-based Mala...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of Microdevices for Hemozoin-Based Malaria Detection

et al. 2022

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Despite being preventable and treatable, malaria still puts almost half of the world’s population at risk. Thus, prompt, accurate and sensitive malaria diagnosis is crucial for disease control and elimination. Optical microscopy and immuno-rapid tests are the standard malaria diagnostic methods in the field. However, these are time-consuming and fail to detect low-level parasitemia. Biosensors and lab-on-a-chip devices, as reported to different applications, usually offer high sensitivity, specificity, and ease of use at the point of care. Thus, these can be explored as an alternative for malaria diagnosis. Alongside malaria infection inside the human red blood cells, parasites consume host hemoglobin generating the hemozoin crystal as a by-product. Hemozoin is produced in all parasite species either in symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals. Furthermore, hemozoin crystals are produced as the parasites invade the red blood cells and their content relates to disease progression. Hemozoin is, therefore, a unique indicator of infection, being used as a malaria biomarker. Herein, the so-far developed biosensors and lab-on-a-chip devices aiming for malaria detection by targeting hemozoin as a biomarker are reviewed and discussed to fulfil all the medical demands for malaria management towards elimination.

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Section: Lab-on-a-chip and Other Microdevices For Hemozoin-based Mala...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Lab-on-a-chip and Other Microdevices For Hemozoin-based Mala...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of Microdevices for Hemozoin-Based Malaria Detection

et al. 2022

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On‐chip magnetophoretic capture in a model of malaria‐infected red blood cells

Giacometti

Monticelli

Piola

et al. 2022

Biotech & Bioengineering

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The search for new rapid diagnostic tests for malaria is a priority for developing an efficient strategy to fight this endemic disease, which affects more than 3 billion people worldwide. In this study, we characterize systematically an easy‐to‐operate lab‐on‐chip, designed for the magnetophoretic capture of malaria‐infected red blood cells (RBCs). The method relies on the positive magnetic susceptibility of infected RBCs with respect to blood plasma. A matrix of nickel posts fabricated in a silicon chip placed face down is aimed at attracting infected cells, while healthy cells sediment on a glass slide under the action of gravity. Using a model of infected RBCs, that is, erythrocytes with methemoglobin, we obtained a capture efficiency of about 70% after 10 min in static conditions. By proper agitation, the capture efficiency reached 85% after just 5 min. Sample preparation requires only a 1:10 volume dilution of whole blood, previously treated with heparin, in a phosphate‐buffered solution. Nonspecific attraction of untreated RBCs was not observed in the same time interval.

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Impedance-Based Rapid Diagnostic Tool for Single Malaria Parasite Detection

Giacometti

Pravettoni

Barsotti

et al. 2022

IEEE Trans. Biomed. Circuits Syst.

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This paper presents a custom, low-cost electronic system specifically designed for rapid and quantitative detection of the malaria parasite in a blood sample. The system exploits the paramagnetic properties of malaria-infected red blood cells (iRBCs) for their magnetophoretic capture on the surface of a silicon chip. A lattice of nickel magnetic micro-concentrators embedded in a silicon substrate concentrates the iRBCs above coplanar gold microelectrodes separated by 3 μm for their detection through an impedance measurement. The sensor is designed for a differential operation to remove the large contribution given by the blood sample. The electronic readout automatically balances the sensor before each experiment and reaches a resolution of 15 ppm in the impedance measurement at 1 MHz allowing a limit of detection of 40 parasite/μl with a capture time of 10 minutes. For better reliability of the results, four sensors are acquired during the same experiment. We demonstrate that the realized platform can also detect a single infected cell in real experimental conditions, measuring human blood infected by Plasmodium falciparum malaria specie.

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On‐chip magnetophoretic capture in a model of malaria‐infected red blood cells

Cited by 3 publications

References 33 publications

Review of Microdevices for Hemozoin-Based Malaria Detection

Review of Microdevices for Hemozoin-Based Malaria Detection

On‐chip magnetophoretic capture in a model of malaria‐infected red blood cells

Impedance-Based Rapid Diagnostic Tool for Single Malaria Parasite Detection

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