On Electromobility Development and the Calculation of the Infrastructural Country Electromobility Coefficient

Škrabuľáková, Erika; Ivanová, Monika; Rosová, Andrea; Grešová, Elena; Šofranko, Marian; Ferencz, Vojtech

doi:10.3390/pr9020222

Cited by 20 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…An example is the work of Tucki et al [75], Dro żd ż [76], Sendek-Matysiak and Łosiewicz [77]. More complex methods of electromobility assessment in the form of indicators were used, among others, by Feckova Skrabulakova et al [78], Schuh et al [79] and Silvestri et al [80]. Overall, however, such composite indicators have not been used very often.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Electromobility in European Union Countries under COVID-19 Conditions

et al. 2021

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The introduction of electromobility contributes to an increase in energy efficiency and lower air pollution. European countries have not been among the world’s leading countries in this statistic. In addition, there have been different paces in the implementation of electromobility in individual countries. The main purpose of this paper is to determine the directions of change and the degrees of concentration in electromobility in European Union (EU) countries, especially after the economic closure as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. The specific objectives are to indicate the degree of concentration of electromobility in the EU and changes in this area, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic; to determine the dynamics of changes in the number of electric cars in individual EU countries, showing the variability in this aspect, while also taking into account the crisis caused by COVID-19; to establish the association between the number of electric cars and the parameters of the economy. All EU countries were selected for study by the use of the purposeful selection procedure, as of December 31, 2020. The analyzed period covered the years 2011–2020. It was found that in the longer term, the development of electromobility in the EU, measured by the number of electric cars, is closely related to the economic situation in this area. The crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has influenced the economic situation in all EU countries, but has not slowed down the pace of introducing electromobility, and may have even accelerated it. In all EU countries, in the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, the dynamics of introducing electric cars into use increased. The growth rate in the entire EU in 2020 was 86%, while in 2019 it was 48%. The reason was a change in social behavior related to mobility under conditions of risk of infection. COVID-19 has become a positive catalyst for change. The prospects for the development of this type of transport are very good because activities related to the development of the electromobility sector perfectly match the needs related to the reduction of pollution to the environment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Electromobility in European Union Countries under COVID-19 Conditions

et al. 2021

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“…This fact affects the research centers that have to develop new aluminum alloys that will meet the criteria for advanced automotive castings. In this way, the competitiveness and sustainability of production in the automotive sector is ensured [ 1 , 2 , 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selected Properties of a Zr-Containing AlSi5Cu2Mg Alloy Intended for Cylinder Head Castings

2022

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The aim of this paper was to analyze the impact of the addition of different amounts of zirconium (0.05; 0.10; 0.15 and 0.20 wt. % Zr in the form of the AlZr20 master alloy) on selected properties of AlSi5Cu2Mg aluminum alloy. This is a new alloy for cylinder head castings and has only been used for a relatively short time. The specificity of this alloy is its chemical composition—specifically the low permitted Ti content, which makes it impossible to refine the grain structure of this alloy using standard Al-Ti-B grain refiners. The aim of our ongoing research is to find a suitable alloying element that would positively mainly affect the mechanical and also physical properties of this alloy, which are crucial for complex automotive castings such as cylinder heads. The results of our research showed that increasing zirconium content had no effect on the increase in ultimate tensile strength, yield strength and hardness of as-cast samples. After T7 heat treatment, a more significant increase in UTS, YS and thermal conductivity occurred due to the precipitation of Cu- and Mg-rich strengthening precipitates. Zirconium-rich intermetallic phases were observed in the shape of separate thick needles or as a cluster of two crossed thinner needles. SEM observations showed that these phases crystallized near to the intermetallic phases based on Cu and Fe. Increasing the Zr content was accompanied by an increase in liquidus temperature, the density index and the area fraction of porosity values.

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“…In recent years, electronic applications have increased significantly due to developments in more sophisticated electronics. The number of electronic systems and their components is directly related to current trends, including ongoing digitalization [1], miniaturization [2], electro mobility [3,4] and sustainability [5]. Due to the large number of new applications, the speed of development is increasing rapidly, so that innovation times for more powerful components are required to be shortened.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, the bandwidths of signal transmission in telecommunications, data technology and automation are continuously increasing. These current trends require new materials and developments in order to cope with the increasing demands [2][3][4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Hermetically Sealed Metallic Feedthroughs through Injection-Molded Epoxy-Molding Compounds

et al. 2021

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Electronic devices and their associated sensors are exposed to increasing mechanical, thermal and chemical stress in modern applications. In many areas of application, the electronics are completely encapsulated with thermosets in a single process step using injection molding technology, especially with epoxy molding compounds (EMC). The implementation of the connection of complete systems for electrical access through a thermoset encapsulation is of particular importance. In practice, metal pin contacts are used for this purpose, which are encapsulated together with the complete system in a single injection molding process step. However, this procedure contains challenges because the interface between the metallic pins and the plastic represents a weak point for reliability. In order to investigate the reliability of the interface, in this study, metallic pin contacts made of copper-nickel-tin alloy (CuNiSn) and bronze (CuSn6) are encapsulated with standard EMC materials. The metal surfaces made of CuNiSn are further coated with silver (Ag) and tin (Sn). An injection molding tool to produce test specimens is designed and manufactured according to the design rules of EMC processing. The reliability of the metal-plastic interfaces are investigated by means of shear and leak tests. The results of the investigations show that the reliability of the metal-plastic joints can be increased by using different material combinations.

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On Electromobility Development and the Calculation of the Infrastructural Country Electromobility Coefficient

Cited by 20 publications

References 33 publications

Development of Electromobility in European Union Countries under COVID-19 Conditions

Development of Electromobility in European Union Countries under COVID-19 Conditions

Selected Properties of a Zr-Containing AlSi5Cu2Mg Alloy Intended for Cylinder Head Castings

Characterization of Hermetically Sealed Metallic Feedthroughs through Injection-Molded Epoxy-Molding Compounds

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