On-Line High-Precision Stable Hydrogen Isotopic Analyses on Nanoliter Water Samples

Morrison, John E.; Brockwell, T.; Merren, T.O.; Fourel, François; Phillips, Andy

doi:10.1021/ac001447t

Cited by 231 publications

(158 citation statements)

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“…Water was filtered through a 0.45-mm-pore membrane filter immediately following sampling. Stable isotope analyses were conducted by Environment Canada, Saskatoon, Canada; d 18 O was measured by standard CO 2 -H 2 O equilibration techniques (Koehler et al 2000), whereas d 2 H was determined by the chromium reduction decomposition method of Morrison et al (2001) Sofer and Gat (1972) Temporal and spatial variation in lake hydrology-Previous chemical analysis of these lakes revealed that seasonal changes in lake-water salinity were synchronous among sites during dry summers, but that temporal coherence declined as a function of summer precipitation (Pham et al 2008). In this paper, we compared these seasonal changes in salinity with those of d 18 O and d 2 H to evaluate how evaporative forcing and precipitation may alter the isotopic composition of lake water.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and temporal variability of prairie lake hydrology as revealed using stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen

et al. 2009

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Evaporation and groundwater fluxes are thought to regulate hydrologic variability in lakes of the northern Great Plains, but little is known of how the relative importance of these processes may vary in time or space. To address this issue, we measured the isotopic composition of water (d 18 O, d 2 H) from 70 closed-basin lakes in southern Saskatchewan, Canada. All lakes occupied endorheic basins along a long gradient of salinity (0.2-115 g total dissolved solids L 21 ). Lakes exhibited synchronous seasonal changes in salinity (synchrony, S 5 0.78) and d 18 O (S 5 0.84) during the dry summer of 2003 (,195 mm rain), whereas coherence was reduced to 0.56 and 0.22, respectively, during the wet summer of 2004 (,295 mm rain). However, despite evaporative enrichment of isotopic ratios during dry summers, hydrologic balances were regulated mainly by changes in water inflow (I) rather than evaporation (E) in both wet and dry years, with particularly strong influence of inflow (lowest E : I ratio) in dry southwestern regions. Analysis of isotopic composition also identified winter precipitation or groundwater as the most influential source of water to most lakes, despite only ,30% of annual precipitation being delivered during winter. Therefore, although seasonal variability in lake chemistry was influenced by evaporation during summer, long-term mean chemical characteristics of prairie lakes were regulated mainly by changes in winter precipitation or groundwater influx.Lakes are abundant in the northern Great Plains (Last 1992) despite intense evaporation (Pham et al. 2008) and net precipitation deficits of 40 cm yr 21 to 60 cm yr 21 (Laird et al. 1996). In general, inter-annual variability of meteorological conditions that affect the persistence of lakes (temperature, seasonal precipitation) is regulated by the interplay between air masses arising over the Arctic, Pacific Ocean, and Gulf of Mexico (Bryson and Hare 1974), as well as global atmosphere-ocean systems such as the El Niñ o-Southern Oscillation (ENSO; Trenberth and Hurrell 1994), North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO; Hurrell 1995), and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO; Mantua et al. 1997). In addition, at a regional scale, the spatial and temporal variability of prairie lake hydrology is also affected by groundwater fluxes (van der Fritz et al. 2000) and by an unusually high supply of runoff from large catchments, most of which is derived from winter precipitation (Steppuhn 1981;Akinremi et al. 1999). However, despite these generalities, little is known of the specific conditions under which evaporation or water influx may control changes in lake chemistry and persistence, nor of the relative importance of summer and winter precipitation in the hydrologic budget of local and regional lakes. Consequently, an improved understanding of the basic hydrology of prairie lakes is needed to both forecast the effects of future climate change on lakes of the northern Great Plains, and to better interpret paleolimnological records of past climate variability in th...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and temporal variability of prairie lake hydrology as revealed using stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen

et al. 2009

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“…Samples collected in 2012 and 2013 were analyzed by continuous flow isotope ratio mass spectrometry using conventional techniques (Epstein and Mayeda, 1953;Morrison et al, 2001), whereas samples collected in 2014 were analyzed by laser absorption technology using a Los Gatos Research liquid water isotope analyzer. …”

Section: Field Sampling and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Landscape-gradient assessment of thermokarst lake hydrology using water isotope tracers

Narancic

Wolfe

Pienitz

et al. 2017

Journal of Hydrology

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Please cite this article as: Narancic, B., Wolfe, B.B., Pienitz, R., Meyer, H., Lamhonwah, D., Landscape-gradient assessment of thermokarst lake hydrology using water isotope tracers, Journal of Hydrology (2016), doi: http:// dx.doi.org/10. 1016/j.jhydrol.2016.11.028 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.1 Landscape-gradient assessment of thermokarst lake hydrology using water isotope -Water isotopes are used to characterize thermokarst lake hydrology in Nunavik, Canada.-Rainfall and/or permafrost meltwater are the main lake water sources.-Maritime climate enhances the hydrological resiliency of thermokarst lakes.-Terrestrial carbon inputs from surface runoff are likely to increase in the future.-Thermokarst lakes will persist and methane emissions are likely to increase.3 ABSTRACT Thermokarst lakes are widespread in arctic and subarctic regions. In subarctic Québec (Nunavik), they have grown in number and size since the mid-20 th century.Recent studies have identified that these lakes are important sources of greenhouse gases. This is mainly due to the supply of catchment-derived dissolved organic carbon that generates anoxic conditions leading to methane production. To assess the potential role of climate-driven changes in hydrological processes to influence greenhouse-gas emissions, we utilized water isotope tracers to characterize the water balance of thermokarst lakes in Nunavik during three consecutive mid-to late summer seasons (2012)(2013)(2014). Lake distribution stretches from shrub-tundra overlying discontinuous permafrost in the north to spruce-lichen woodland with sporadic permafrost in the south.Calculation of lake-specific input water isotope compositions ( I ) and lake-specific evaporation-to-inflow (E/I) ratios based on an isotope-mass balance model reveal a narrow hydrological gradient regardless of diversity in regional landscape characteristics. Nearly all lakes sampled were predominantly fed by rainfall and/or permafrost meltwater, which suppressed the effects of evaporative loss. Only a few lakes in one of the southern sampling locations, which overly highly degraded sporadic permafrost terrain, appear to be susceptible to evaporative lake-level drawdown. We attribute this lake hydrological resiliency to the strong maritime climate in coastal regions of Nunavik. Predicted climate-driven increases in precipitation and permafrost degradation will likely contribute to persistence and expansion of thermokarst lakes throughout the region. If coupled with an increase in terrestrial carbon inputs to thermokarst lakes from surface runoff, conditions favorable for mineralizatio...

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“…The stable isotopes of hydrogen were measured using a Finnigan DELTA plus XP mass spectrometer working in continuous flow mode by the chromium reduction technique (Morrison et al, 2001). The oxygen isotope composition was measured with a Finnigan DELTA plus mass spectrometer using the classic CO 2 -H 2 O equilibrium method (Horita et al, 1989 …”

Section: Stable Isotopesmentioning

confidence: 99%

<sup>17</sup>O excess traces atmospheric nitrate in paleo-groundwater of the Saharan desert

et al. 2014

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On-Line High-Precision Stable Hydrogen Isotopic Analyses on Nanoliter Water Samples

Cited by 231 publications

References 25 publications

Spatial and temporal variability of prairie lake hydrology as revealed using stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen

Spatial and temporal variability of prairie lake hydrology as revealed using stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen

Landscape-gradient assessment of thermokarst lake hydrology using water isotope tracers

<sup>17</sup>O excess traces atmospheric nitrate in paleo-groundwater of the Saharan desert

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On-Line High-Precision Stable Hydrogen Isotopic Analyses on Nanoliter Water Samples

Cited by 231 publications

References 25 publications

Spatial and temporal variability of prairie lake hydrology as revealed using stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen

Spatial and temporal variability of prairie lake hydrology as revealed using stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen

Landscape-gradient assessment of thermokarst lake hydrology using water isotope tracers

&lt;sup&gt;17&lt;/sup&gt;O excess traces atmospheric nitrate in paleo-groundwater of the Saharan desert

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<sup>17</sup>O excess traces atmospheric nitrate in paleo-groundwater of the Saharan desert