On processes controlling fine particulate matters in four Indian megacities

Anand, Vrinda; Korhale, Nikhil; Rathod, Aditi; Beig, Gufran

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113026

Cited by 33 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Data of Chennai and Kolkata are collected as part of SAFAR national wide network project MAPAN (Modelling Atmospheric Pollution and Networking) and that of Central Pollution Control Board ( https://data.gov.in/ministrydepartment/central-pollution-control-board ). The meteorological parameters such as wind speed (km hr −1 ), relative humidity (%) and temperature (°C) have been measured using the automatic Weather Stations ( Anand et al, 2019 ) for six Indian megacities during the study period have been given in Table 1 . The number of patients tested positive for COVID-19 and fatality counts in different Indian cities, considered in this work, are given in Table- 1 (as on 22nd May’ 2020) along with other parameters discussed later in this paper.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…BAM-1020 measures the mass concentration of particulate matters with a lower detection limit of ~1 μg m −3 . The span calibration of the instrument is automatically verified on hourly basis ( Anand et al, 2019 ; Yadav et al, 2019 ). The chemiluminescence based detection is used for the measurements of nitrous oxide (NO), nitric dioxide (NO 2 ) and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) that is also a US-EPA approved ( http://www.environnement-sa.com/caps-chemiluminescence-no2-measurement/ ) instrument.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additional details of working methods are reported elsewhere ( Beig et al, 2013 ; Anand et al, 2020 ; Yadav et al, 2014 ). The meteorological parameters were at the same time measured using Automatic Weather Station co-located alongside air quality monitoring stations whose details are provided elsewhere ( Anand et al, 2019 ) and hence not discussed here in detail. The thermometer technique measures temperature with an accuracy of ±1 °F.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, data so far indicates that it is not true as many less polluted Indian cities have much higher rates of COVID-19 related deaths as compared to Delhi. As for example, Mumbai where pollution level is significantly lower as compared to Delhi ( Anand et al, 2019 ) the COVID-19 related Deaths are higher. Hence, more work is needed to explore the actual cause and understand the role of other environmental markers in Indian environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

See 3 more Smart Citations

COVID-19 and environmental -weather markers: Unfolding baseline levels and veracity of linkages in tropical India

Beig

Bano

Sahu

et al. 2020

Environmental Research

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The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is rapidly spreading across the globe due to its contagion nature. We hereby report the baseline permanent levels of two most toxic air pollutants in top ranked mega cities of India. This could be made possible for the first time due to the unprecedented COVID-19 lockdown emission scenario. The study also unfolds the association of COVID-19 with different environmental and weather markers. Although there are numerous confounding factors for the pandemic, we find a strong association of COVID-19 mortality with baseline PM 2.5 levels (80% correlation) to which the population is chronically exposed and may be considered as one of the critical factors. The COVID-19 morbidity is found to be moderately anti-correlated with maximum temperature during the pandemic period (−56%). Findings although preliminary but provide a first line of information for epidemiologists and may be useful for the development of effective health risk management policies.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

See 2 more Smart Citations

COVID-19 and environmental -weather markers: Unfolding baseline levels and veracity of linkages in tropical India

Beig

Bano

Sahu

et al. 2020

Environmental Research

Self Cite

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“…The mixing height during winter is low and is inversely proportional to ambient concentrations (Nagar et al, 2019). Low mixing heights during winter allowed remaining the pollutant in the atmosphere for a longer duration (Anand et al, 2019). The wind rose diagrams for all the three seasons are given in Fig.2…”

Section: A Pm 10 Average and Max-min Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heavy Metals in PM10 Aerosols Over an Urban Industrial City

Khobragade¹,

Ahirwar²

2019

IJEAT

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PM10 aerosols were monitored and analyzed for heavy metal concentration at Raipur city Chhattisgarh, India for possible source identification of pollutants. Sampling of PM10 aerosols was carried out by using respirable dust sampler during the year 2016. Daily PM10 average concentrations varied between 122.033 and 197.854 µg/m3, 91.350 and 133.950 µg/m3 and 112.770 and 480.170 µg/m3 in summer, monsoon and winter respectively. Chemical analysis of PM10 samples was carried out for heavy metal determination. Heavy metal (Fe, Mn, Ni and Pb) were analyzed with the help of atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) and found in the range of 2.713-36.862, 0.131-9.129. 0.880-4.195 and 0.015-0.321 µg/m3 for Fe, Mn, Pb and Ni respectively. PM10 concentrations shows distinct seasonal variation being twice in winter season than in summer; winter (mean: 241.820 ± 33.912 µg/m3) > summer (mean: 159.512 ± 14.360 µg/m3) > monsoon (mean: 107.480 ± 9.213 µg/m3). The concentration of heavy metal was different in all the seasons depending on their sources. Identification of possible sources was done by principal component analysis (PCA) illustrating industrial activities, soil (crustal) dust and biomass burning as the major sources in the region. The back trajectory analysis of the air masses depicts that the local anthropogenic activities affect the concentration of pollutants at the source. Correlation analysis between the heavy metal concentrations agreed the results obtained by PCA. The work helped in observing the seasonal trend of particulate matter concentrations and in identification of major sources of air pollution in the city.

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Fog trends in India: Relationships to fog type and western disturbances

Smith

Dorling

Renfrew

et al. 2022

Intl Journal of Climatology

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Fog is a major hazard in wintertime over India, particularly in the Indo-Gangetic Plains, leading to significant impacts for transport and human health. Using 3-hourly surface observations, from 69 sites across India, all fog and dense fog events between 2000 and 2020 are identified. For each event, the main fog formation mechanism is objectively categorized using a classification algorithm, distinguishing between radiation, advection, evaporation, precipitation or cloud-base lowering fog types. In contrast to the findings of other international studies, radiation fog dominates as the most common fog type at the vast majority of locations in India, accounting for 68.1% of all fog events and 70.0% of dense fog events. Statistically significant positive trends are seen in the frequency of all fog events at Delhi, Lucknow and Patna, in the Indo-Gangetic plains, between 1997/1998 and 2018/2019, dominated by comparable statistically significant positive trends in radiation fogs. Western disturbances (WD) are often linked to the formation of fog in India. Using a climatology of WDs, we show that 46.9% of radiation fog onsets in Delhi in December and January, the primary fog months, happened in conjunction with an active WD event. Conversely, only 32.3% of WDs during these same months coincided with the onset of a radiation fog event. WD-related radiation fog events are shown to cluster into three distinct groups, with WD centres located to the northwest (51.4% of cases), southwest (13.3%) and east (35.2%) of Delhi. Each cluster is shown to have coherent and distinct near-surface characteristics which are conducive to fog formation. Trends in WD frequency cannot fully account for the observed trends in fog events. We argue that the fog trends are more likely the result of a complex interaction between urban expansion and the associated rapid change in aerosol loading, resulting in impacts on radiation balance, microphysics and heat-island processes.

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On processes controlling fine particulate matters in four Indian megacities

Cited by 33 publications

References 11 publications

COVID-19 and environmental -weather markers: Unfolding baseline levels and veracity of linkages in tropical India

COVID-19 and environmental -weather markers: Unfolding baseline levels and veracity of linkages in tropical India

Heavy Metals in PM10 Aerosols Over an Urban Industrial City

Fog trends in India: Relationships to fog type and western disturbances

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