On sceptics and enthusiasts: What are the expectations towards self-driving cars?

Nielsen, Thomas Alexander Sick; Haustein, Sonja

doi:10.1016/j.tranpol.2018.03.004

Cited by 158 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…AV's can be defined as those vehicles in which direct control by the driver is not required due to the self-driving characteristics of the vehicle [121]. In spite of the implications associated with potential increases in travel demand, especially from an environmental point of view, AV's technology offers the possibility to create a revolution in the transport system [122,123]. Potential advantages in this sense are those related to improvements in route operations, with consequent reductions in traffic congestion, fuel emission, cost and driving stress; improved road safety and the opportunity to engage with other activities while travelling.…”

Section: Discussion and Future Research Agendamentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Preventing the Use of Alternative Transport Modes to the Car in Later Life

2018

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Recent research related to transport gerontology argues that the autonomy, flexibility and independence provided by the car are fundamental in fulfilling travel needs in later life. Statistics show that in the western world the car is the most used mode of travel among the older population. Despite the importance of promoting transport policies to incentivize people to switch to more sustainable forms of transportation, alternatives to the car are still underused by older people. The aim of this scoping review is to analyze the transport barriers affecting the use of alternative modes to the car in later life. The paper investigates how issues related to personal security, health impairments, service provision, affordability, comfort, attitude, built environment, information and awareness of all transport modes influence modal choice. The analysis of the literature shows that despite the benefits provided by public transport, flexible transport services, taxis, walking and cycling, there are still several factors that negatively affect the use of these modes. The paper concludes by reflecting on potential solutions that might help to create a transport system less reliant on the car and which is able to meet the mobility needs of the older population.

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Section: Discussion and Future Research Agendamentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Preventing the Use of Alternative Transport Modes to the Car in Later Life

2018

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“…Approximately 12% of participants would never accept self-driving cars on public roads, 14% would never ride in selfdriving cars, and 18% would never buy a self-driving car. These findings suggested that a nontrivial number of drivers will remain skeptical and apprehensive of self-driving vehicles, regardless of the level of safety attained by automation (also see Nielsen & Haustein, 2018;Piao et al, 2016;Schoettle & Sivak, 2014;Zmud, Sener, & Wagner, 2016). This possibility notwithstanding, perceived safety, although important, is not the only factor that will contribute to acceptance of high automation in vehicles.…”

Section: Limitations and Caveatsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safer than the average human driver (who is less safe than me)? Examining a popular safety benchmark for self-driving cars

Nees

2019

Journal of Safety Research

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Although the level of safety required before drivers will accept self-driving cars is not clear, the criterion of being safer than a human driver has become pervasive in the discourse on vehicle automation. This criterion actually means "safer than the average human driver," because it is necessarily defined with respect to population-level data. At the level of individual risk assessment, a body of research has shown that most drivers perceive themselves to be safer than the average driver (the better-than-average effect). Using an online sample of U.S. drivers, this study replicated the better than average effect and showed that most drivers stated a desire for self-driving cars that are safer than their own perceived ability to drive safely before they would:(1) feel reasonably safe riding in a self-driving vehicle; (2) buy a self-driving vehicle, all other things (cost, etc.) being equal; and (3) allow self-driving vehicles on public roads. Since most drivers believe they are better than average drivers, the benchmark of achieving automation that is safer than a human driver (on average) may not represent acceptably safe performance of selfdriving cars for most drivers.

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“…Although fully self‐driving cars have yet to enter the consumer market, there is a growing body of research that attempts to understand the public's attitudes toward and likely acceptance of these vehicles. Studies have found that people's degree of acceptance varies by individual characteristics, with younger, male, or more tech savvy people generally more interested in using self‐driving cars than older, female, or less tech savvy people (Hohenberger, Spörrle, & Welpe, ; König & Neumayr, ; Lee et al., ; Nielsen & Haustein, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies have found that although most people do not embrace the technology completely, they are not completely opposed to it. In particular, people anticipate that the technology could deliver benefits such as fewer crashes, reduced severity of crashes, lower vehicle emissions, better fuel economy, transportation solutions for older and disabled people, the possibility to engage in other activities while on the road, greater safety, and greater convenience (Howard & Dai, ; Hulse, Xie, & Galea, ; Nielsen & Haustein, ; Sanbonmatsu, Strayer, Yu, Biondi, & Cooper, ; Schoettle & Sivak, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Feelings While Driving Regular Cars on the Perception and Acceptance of Self‐Driving Cars

et al. 2019

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Self‐driving vehicles will affect the future of transportation, but factors that underlie perception and acceptance of self‐driving cars are yet unclear. Research on feelings as information and the affect heuristic has suggested that feelings are an important source of information, especially in situations of complexity and uncertainty. In this study (N = 1,484), we investigated how feelings related to traditional driving affect risk perception, benefit perception, and trust related to self‐driving cars as well as people's acceptance of the technology. Due to limited experiences with and knowledge of self‐driving cars, we expected that feelings related to a similar experience, namely, driving regular cars, would influence judgments of self‐driving cars. Our results support this assumption. While positive feelings of enjoyment predicted higher benefit perception and trust, negative affect predicted higher risk and higher benefit perception of self‐driving cars. Feelings of control were inversely related to risk and benefit perception, which is in line with research on the affect heuristic. Furthermore, negative affect was an important source of information for judgments of use and acceptance. Interest in using a self‐driving car was also predicted by lower risk perception, higher benefit perception, and higher levels of trust in the technology. Although people's individual experiences with advanced vehicle technologies and knowledge were associated with perceptions and acceptance, many simply have never been exposed to the technology and know little about it. In the absence of this experience or knowledge, all that is left is the knowledge, experience, and feelings they have related to regular driving.

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On sceptics and enthusiasts: What are the expectations towards self-driving cars?

Cited by 158 publications

References 14 publications

Factors Preventing the Use of Alternative Transport Modes to the Car in Later Life

Factors Preventing the Use of Alternative Transport Modes to the Car in Later Life

Safer than the average human driver (who is less safe than me)? Examining a popular safety benchmark for self-driving cars

The Influence of Feelings While Driving Regular Cars on the Perception and Acceptance of Self‐Driving Cars

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