On the assessment of subjective response to tonal content of contemporary aircraft noise

Abstract

The Effective Perceived Noise Level (EPNL) is the primary metric used for assessing subjective response to aircraft noise. The EPNL comprises calculation of the Perceived Noise Level (in PNdB), and takes into account flyover duration and the presence of pure tones to arrive at an adjusted EPNL value. With the presence of a single significant tone, EPNL has been found to be reasonably effective for the assessment of aircraft noise annoyance. Several authors have, however, suggested that EPNL is not capable of quantifying the subjective response to aircraft noise that contains multiple complex tones. The noise source referred to as "Buzz-saw" noise is a typical example of complex tonal content in aircraft noise with an important effect on both cabin and community noise impact. This paper presents the results of a series of listening tests where a number of participants were exposed to samples of aircraft noise with six variants of aircraft engines, assumed representative of the contemporary twin engine aircraft fleet. On the basis of the findings of these listening tests, the Aures tonality method significantly outperforms the EPNL tone correction method when assessing the subjective response to aircraft noise during takeoff with the presence of multiple complex tones. The participants reported 'high pitch' as one of the least preferable aircraft noise characteristics, and consequently, the psychoacoustics metric Sharpness was found to be another important contributor to subjective response to the noise of two specific aircraft engine groups (out of the six considered). The limitations of Aures tonality are discussed, in particular for aircraft noise with both a series of complex tones spaced evenly across the frequency spectrum with relatively even sound levels and less subjectively dominant single frequency tones (compared to broadband noise). In line with these limitations, further work is proposed for more effective assessment of subjective response to aircraft noise containing significant tonal content in the form of numerous closely spaced or other complex tones.

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“…As described above, in the first and third parts of the experiment, only audio signals and audiovisual signals respectively simulating a drone hover in seven urban scenes were presented to the participants. In the second part of the experiment, a series of drone, road vehicles and aircraft sounds were played back, and the participants were requested to rank them by order of preference using a methodology developed by Torija et al (2019a). The objective of this second part (of 40-min duration) was to compare subjective perception of drone flyovers with aircraft flyovers and road vehicles pass-byes.…”

“…Both the tonal and high frequency content are of significant importance for the subjective response to aircraft noise (Torija et. al, 2019a).…”

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