On the direct determination of metals in lubricating oils by ICP

Algeo, J. D.; Heine, David R.; Phillips, Hugh A.; Hoek, F.B.G.; Schneider, Mauana; Freelin, J.M.; Denton, M. Bonner

doi:10.1016/0584-8547(85)80168-3

Cited by 26 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 15 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Hence, the analytical methods proposed [1][2][3][4][5][6] usually include a sample treatment such as: (i) dilution with organic solvents; [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] (ii) wet or dry acid digestion, [19][20][21][22] sometimes followed by organic dilution [23][24][25][26] or liquid-liquid extraction with an organic solvent; 27 (iii) emulsification by means of surfactants; [28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] or (iv) heating the sample to reduce its viscosity. 10,[36][37][38] These procedures involve several drawbacks: (i) low analysis throughput; (ii) dilution of the sample; (iii) risk of contamination; and (iv) risk of analyte losses. To overcome these drawbacks, new analytical methods must be developed.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of metals in lubricating oils by flame atomic absorption spectrometry using a single-bore high-pressure pneumatic nebulizer

Mora

Todolı́

Sempere

et al. 2000

Analyst

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The behaviour of a single-bore high-pressure pneumatic nebulizer (SBHPPN) as a tool for the analysis of lubricating oils by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) was investigated. The effects of the sample oil content [from 10% to 100% (w/w) oil in 4-methylpentan-2-one, IBMK] and the carrier nature (IBMK and methanol) on the characteristics of the aerosols generated, on the analyte transport efficiency and on the analytical figures of merit in FAAS were studied. A pneumatic concentric nebulizer (PCN) was used for comparison. Increasing the oil content increases the viscosity of the sample. With the PCN this gives rise to coarser aerosols, making it impossible to nebulize samples with an oil content higher than 70% (w/w). Using the SBHPPN, the viscosity of the sample scarcely affects the characteristics of the primary aerosols. Hence, the SBHPPN is able, by using the appropriate carrier, to nebulize pure lubricating oils. Among the carriers tested, IBMK is the most advisable because it is fully miscible with all the oil samples. The SBHPPN provides higher sensitivities and lower limits of detection than the PCN. Compared with a method based on organic dilution, the use of the SBHPPN for the direct analysis of lubricating oils by FAAS makes it possible, in addition to increasing the analysis throughput, to detect elements at lower concentrations. Moreover, the SBHPPN provides similar results to those obtained using a previous acid digestion step.

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of metals in lubricating oils by flame atomic absorption spectrometry using a single-bore high-pressure pneumatic nebulizer

Mora

Todolı́

Sempere

et al. 2000

Analyst

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Modified Babington nebulizers equipped with a sample heater have been used to introduce undiluted oil directly into the ICP [58,59]. Iron, Cu, Cr, Ti, Al, Ni, Mg, Ag and Na were determined using two calibration strategies (analyte addition and external calibration curve).…”

Section: Optical Emission Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The determination of trace metals in lubricating oils by atomic spectrometry

Aucélio

Souza

Campos

et al. 2007

Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy

122

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…8,9 It has also been described that a direct analysis of oils by ICP-OES can be performed without applying a dilution under the use of a modified Babington nebulizer and by heating the sample inlet tube. 10 It is also described that electrothermal vaporization 11 (ETV) or laser-ablation (LA) 12 coupled to ICP-MS may enable a direct analysis of oils. Apart from the preparation of standard solutions, the use of pneumatic nebulization of organic solutions in ICP-OES and ICP-MS requires several adjustments of the operating conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of dual-channel simultaneous pneumatic nebulization of two non-miscible solutions for the analysis of organic media using aqueous calibration solutions applied to elemental determinations in oils by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry

Bauer

Broekaert

2008

J. Anal. At. Spectrom.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The use of a so-called T-shaped cross-flow nebulizer (T-CFN), which is a modified cross-flow nebulizer with an additional solution introduction channel, has been described for elemental determinations in organic solutions by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry using aqueous solutions for calibration. With this nebulizer, the simultaneous generation of an aerosol from a kerosene and from an aqueous solution was possible, a mixed aqueous/organic solution aerosol can be directly formed in the spray chamber and carried to the plasma without the use of a surfactant. The additive properties of the analyte signals were demonstrated, as well as the constancy of the intensity ratios for analyte and reference element lines. These ratios, however, were found to be not significantly different when the analytes were introduced in the plasma via the aqueous or via the organic solution. Therefore, a calibration by standard addition could be carried out in an on-line way after determining the relative efficiency of the nebulization of both solutions. So as to minimize the effect of drifts and fluctuations in the set-up, the instantaneous value of the efficiency of the nebulization was monitored by calculating the line intensity ratio of the so-called reference and auxiliary elements. For analysis, 200 mg of oil standard sample containing 5 mg g À1 of Ba, Ca, Mg, P and Zn were diluted with kerosene up to a volume of 50 mL and the calibration was done with aqueous standard solutions using the T-CFN. The limits of detection in solution of Ba, Ca, Mg, P and Zn obtained for the simultaneous nebulization of kerosene and aqueous solutions were, respectively, 7, 13, 4, 51 and 7 mg L À1 and were found to be not higher, by a factor of 10, for the investigated lines when separately analyzing kerosene and aqueous solutions with a conventional cross-flow nebulizer. Ca, P and Zn were determined in the same way in two further oil samples at the mg g À1 level. The results of the analysis for the oil samples mentioned before were found to be in good agreement, respectively, with the certified values and with those obtained in an inter-laboratory test.

show abstract

On the direct determination of metals in lubricating oils by ICP

Cited by 26 publications

References 15 publications

Determination of metals in lubricating oils by flame atomic absorption spectrometry using a single-bore high-pressure pneumatic nebulizer

Determination of metals in lubricating oils by flame atomic absorption spectrometry using a single-bore high-pressure pneumatic nebulizer

The determination of trace metals in lubricating oils by atomic spectrometry

The use of dual-channel simultaneous pneumatic nebulization of two non-miscible solutions for the analysis of organic media using aqueous calibration solutions applied to elemental determinations in oils by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About