On the effect of superimposed external stresses on the nucleation and growth of Ni4Ti3 particles: A parametric phase field study

Morphological characterization and distribution of autocatalytic-grown Ni4Ti3 precipitates in a Ni–Ti single crystal

“…This might imply that the strain field of only one pre-existing precipitate is not enough to cause the observed autocatalytic growth. A recent simulation study [18], which took into account the total driving force, suggested that the concentration and stress interactions between two Ni 4 Ti 3 particles promoted the nucleation of new particles. However, different from the previous study, in the present paper we consider the total free energy and attempt to clarify the autocatalytic nucleation by means of elastic energy analysis.…”

The effect of aging on the B2-R transformation behaviors in Ti-51at%Ni alloy

“…Among these factors, aging treatment is the most simple and effective way, and is widely used to treat the TieNi based alloys [7,8,10e12,16e18]. It is known that precipitates will form from the supersaturated sample during aging; and the existence of precipitates will greatly affect the transformation behavior [8,11,19]. For example, if a Ni-rich TieNi binary alloy is aged, the B2 parent phase will transform into R martensite phase prior to the appearance of B19 0 martensite [8].…”

Phase field modeling of Ni-concentration distribution behavior around Ni4Ti3 precipitates in NiTi alloys

“…Semi-implicit Fourier spectral method [17] is employed to implement numerical solutions of Eqs. (10) and (11):…”

“…measurement required more sampling data, this has in turn limited further experimental studies. In contrast to the complexity of the experimental study, the computer simulation, such as phase field modeling has become an alternatively powerful tool to characterize the microstructure evolution of materials including the precipitation process [8][9][10]. The phase field model naturally takes the non-conserved order parameter field and conserved concentration field into account [11,12], and it has been proven to be capable of calculating the concentration profiles in the aged NiTi matrix with the presence of Ni 4 Ti 3 precipitates [13].…”