On the Existence of Cellular Tocopheryl Phosphate, its Synthesis, Degradation and Cellular Roles: A Hypothesis

Negis, Yesim; Zingg, Jean‐Marc; Ogru, Esra; Gianello, Robert; Libinaki, Roksan; Azzi, Angelo

doi:10.1080/15216540500058980

Cited by 50 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Emilim bozukluğu sendromuna sahip bireyler hariç, bu esterler bağırsakta kolaylıkla hidroliz edilir ve serbest formda emilirler 1 . α-Tokoferol'ün fosforillenmiş formu olan α-tokoferil fosfat, depo molekül, taşınma formu ve sinyal iletimi ile gen ifadesinin düzenlenmesi için haberci olarak, insan dokularında olduğu kadar gıdalarda ve hayvan dokularında da doğal bir şekilde bulunmaktadır 4 . Zeytinyağı ve ayçiçeği yağındaki başlıca E vitamini analoğu α-tokoferol'dür.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Vitamin E as an Antioxidant

Altıner¹,

Atalay²,

Bilal³

2017

BSBD

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bsbd@balikesir.edu.tr www.bau-sbdergisi.com ÖZET Li pi t peroksidasyonu bağışıkl ığı, büyümeyi ve üremeyi de i çeren fi zyol oji k fonks i yon l a rın bozulmasına yol açar. Bazı antioksidan enzimler, E ve C vi ta mini gibi eksojen vi taminler i le ba zı mi neraller, hücreleri l ipit peroksidasyonuna karşı korurlar. E vi tamininin moleküler ve hücresel etki leri, antioksidan olarak reaktif oksijen türlerini ve nitrik oksiti temizlemek ya nında s pes i fi k enzi mler ve tra nskripsiyon faktörleriyle de etkil eşerek za rl a r ve l i pi t a l a nl a rı gi bi hücres el ya pıl arı korumaktır. E vi ta mini, hücre zarlarında bul una n uzun zi nci rl i çokl u doyma mış ya ğ a s itlerinin bütünlüğünü korur ve biyoaktivitel eri ni deva m etti ri r. E vi ta mi ni a ynı za ma nda , s teroid hormon üreten dokularda yoğun olarak bulunur ve bu dokul a rda s i tokrom p -450'ni n ol dukça duya rlı s teroidojenik aktivitelerini l ipit peroksidasyonuna karşı korur. Stres, hastalıkl a r ve i mmun ya nıtın teşviki, vi ta mi n ve es a ns i yel el ementl er gi bi bes i n ma ddel eri ne ol a n gereksinimleri arttırabilir. Besinsel dengesizlikler, s ıcak, soğuk, ka l a ba l ık, gürül tü ve ta şınma gi bi s tres unsurları, vücudun s avunma mekanizmalarını zayıfl a ta ra k enfeks i yöz ha s ta l ıkl a ra ya tkınlığa neden olabilirler. Stres durumlarında vi tamin ve minerallere olan gereks i ni m a rta r. Hücre za rına bağlı olan E vi tamini, immun ya nıtları tetikleyen ve düzenleyen kompl eks hücre -hücre etkileşimlerinde önemli bir rol oynar. Ka ra ci ğer ve s erumda ki E vi ta mi ni düzeyl eri , E vi ta mini a lımı veya vücuttaki durumunun güvenilir gös tergel eri di r. Bu derl emeni n a ma cı, E vi ta mininin antioksidan özel l i kl eri i l e i l gi l i bi l gi l eri ve ça l ışma l a rı bi r a ra ya geti rmekti r.Anahtar Kelimeler: Li pi t peroks i da s yonu, a nti oks i da n, E vi ta mi ni , s tres . SUMMARYLi pi d peroxidation l eads to deterioration of phys i ol ogi ca l functi ons i ncl udi ng growth a nd reproduction as well as the i mmunity. Some antioxidant enzymes and the exogenous vi tami ns s uch a s vitamin C a nd E, a nd some minerals protect cells a gainst lipid peroxidation. Mol ecul a r a nd cellular effects of vi tamin E a s a n antioxidant a re to clean the reactive oxygen species a nd ni tri c oxide s ynthase a nd to i nfluence cellular s tructures such as membranes a nd lipid domains by i nteracting with specific enzymes a nd tra nscription factors. Vitamin E maintains integri ty of the l ong chain polyunsaturated fatty a cids that are present in the cell membranes, and retains thei r bioactivity. Vi tamin E i s also i ntensely present i n tissues producing the steroi d hormone, a nd protects the very s ensitive steroi dogeni c a cti vi ti es of cytochrome P-450 a ga i ns t l i pi d peroxi dation i n these tissues. Stress, disease a nd the promotion of the immune respons e ma y i ncrease the need for nutrients s uch as vi tamins a nd essential elements. Stress factors s uch a s nutri tional i mbalances, hot and cold, ...

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Section: Introductionunclassified

Vitamin E as an Antioxidant

Altıner¹,

Atalay²,

Bilal³

2017

BSBD

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“…Furthermore, several studies have also indicated that TocP has been shown to be more effective than Toc in the regulation of cell properties (4,(8)(9)(10). Thus, the possibility that the active form of Toc may be TocP has been considered (4,9). Although various effects of TocP have been reported as mentioned above, little is known about its anti-cancer effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…HT-1080 cells were seeded at a density of 3.0x10 4 cells/chamber into the Matrigel-precoated Lab-Tek four chamber glass slides (Nalge Nunc International K.K., Tokyo). After 24-h incubation, cells were treated with 0-500 μM of Toc or TocP, washed with PBS, and fixed in a freshly prepared solution of 4% paraformaldehyde in PBS for 20 min.…”

Section: Immunocytochemical Staining Of Cortactin and F-actinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…TocP has properties different from those of Toc, such as stability against oxidation and solubility in aqueous solutions due to the esterified phosphoric acid (4).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, TocP can reduce myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (5), protect against ultraviolet B-induced damage in cultured mouse skin (6), suppress lipid peroxidation and induction of erythrocyte hemolysis (7), induce cell death, inhibit cell proliferation and provoke apoptosis in osteosarcoma cells (3), down-regulate the scavenger receptor CD36 (4,8,9), and exert atheroscleroticpreventing effects (8,9). Furthermore, several studies have also indicated that TocP has been shown to be more effective than Toc in the regulation of cell properties (4,(8)(9)(10). Thus, the possibility that the active form of Toc may be TocP has been considered (4,9).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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α-tocopheryl phosphate suppresses tumor invasion concurrently with dynamic morphological changes and delocalization of cortactin from invadopodia

Saitoh

Yumoto²,

Miwa³

2009

Int J Oncol

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Abstract. ·-tocopheryl phosphate (TocP) has been elucidated for diverse effectiveness through unequivocal mechanisms independent of its conversion to ·-tocopherol (Toc). The present study showed that TocP, in a dose-dependent manner, repressed invasion of human fibrosarcoma HT-1080 cells through the basement membrane, more markedly than Toc and several other Toc derivatives, although no cytotoxic effect was shown in either HT-1080 cells or human skin dermal fibroblastic cells DUMS-16. TocP diminished intracellular reactive oxygen species such as peroxides, lipid hydroperoxides and superoxide anion radicals in HT-1080 cells, but the effects were nearly equal or less than those of Toc. TocP suppressed either the cell motility or adhesion to extracellular matrix (ECM), and induced diagnostic morphological changes such as appearance of numerous spikeshaped processes and vesicles. Localization of cortactin in the membrane of invadopodia, which dispatches signal transduction for tumor invasion, was lost by TocP as shown by immunostaining. Similar result was obtained also by Western blots showing that cortactin in the membrane fraction was markedly diminished by TocP in contrast to unchanged cortactin amounts in other subcellular fractions including nuclei, cytoplasms and cytoskeletons. In contrast, TocP scarcely affected the invasiveness-related gelatinases MMP-2/9 and cell membrane fluidity. Thus, TocP markedly exerted anti-invasive activities through decrease in cell motility, repression of adhesion to the ECM, cell morphological changes and, especially, alteration of cortactin distribution. Moreover, TocP also preferentially inhibited tumor invasion without cytotoxicity to normal cells derived from the corresponding tissue type. Consequently, TocP is suggested as a potent tumor-invasion suppressor.

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Vitamin E

Azzi

2018

Encyclopedia of Life Sciences

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Vitamin E or RRR‐α‐tocopherol, as all vitamins, is indispensable for human life. Insufficient vitamin E availability results in a neurological condition, ‘ataxia with vitamin E deficiency’ (AVED), and vitamin E administration prevents the progression of the disease. Vitamin E is available especially in nuts, vegetable oils and greens. The reference daily intake for healthy adults is 15 mg and the maximum dose is 1000 mg daily. Many ailments, from cancer to atherosclerosis and neurodegenerative diseases, had been proposed to be prevented or cured by vitamin E; however, recent studies have shown that only low‐grade chronic inflammation, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and immune response may benefit from vitamin E. The mechanism of action of this vitamin is still an object of debate, scientists being either in favour of an antioxidant mechanism or of an action of vitamin E on signal transduction and gene expression modulation. Key Concepts Low intake of vitamin E results in ataxia with vitamin E deficiency (AVED). Administration of α‐tocopherol protects against the progression of AVED. Vitamin E does not prevent or cure cancer, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Low‐grade inflammation and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NASH, NAFLD) are diminished by vitamin E. Vitamin E improves the immune response, especially in the elderly. A better knowledge of the mechanism of action of vitamin E would be useful to better use its potentials, established its correct dosage and the possible relation between genetic background of humans taking vitamin E and their response to this vitamin.

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On the Existence of Cellular Tocopheryl Phosphate, its Synthesis, Degradation and Cellular Roles: A Hypothesis

Cited by 50 publications

References 13 publications

Vitamin E as an Antioxidant

Vitamin E as an Antioxidant

α-tocopheryl phosphate suppresses tumor invasion concurrently with dynamic morphological changes and delocalization of cortactin from invadopodia

Vitamin E

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