On the morphologies of oxides particles in optical fibers: Effect of the drawing tension and composition

Vermillac, Manuel; Fneich, Hussein; Turlier, Jérémy; Cabié, Martiane; Kucera, Courtney; Borschneck, Daniel; Peters, François; Vennéguès, P.; Neisius, Thomas; Chaussedent, Stéphane; Neuville, Daniel R.; Mehdi, Ahmad; Ballato, John; Blanc, Wilfried

doi:10.1016/j.optmat.2018.05.067

Cited by 23 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Magnesium-rich particles in the SEM image on the right appear less clear than the lanthanum-rich particles (on the left) because the chemical contrast between magnesium and silica is lower than that between lanthanum and silica. The origin of the elongated particles in both images is discussed in previous papers [16,17]. Figure 2 shows the increase in the La content along the length of the optical fiber, which is in agreement with the increasing soaking time with the second doping solution.…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 81%

“…However, it has been reported previously that when Mg or La content increases, the size of nanoparticles increases too in the core of the optical fibers [16]. Then, the increasing value of optical losses is attributed to the increasing size of the nanoparticles as they induce light scattering [10,16]. In the case of lanthanum, particles are clearly observed by SEM from a content of around 3000 atomic ppm of La [10,16].…”

Section: Optical Lossesmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…All refractive index profiles present the standard MCVD central depletion in germanium, which, therefore, cannot be responsible for such an increase in optical losses. However, it has been reported previously that when Mg or La content increases, the size of nanoparticles increases too in the core of the optical fibers [16]. Then, the increasing value of optical losses is attributed to the increasing size of the nanoparticles as they induce light scattering [10,16].…”

Section: Optical Lossesmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…In the present study, fibers were drawn from preforms prepared according to the gradual-time solution-doped MCVD (Modified Chemical Vapor Deposition) process [15]. Material characteristics were analyzed for the fiber samples containing amorphous particles (lanthanum-or magnesium-rich), with size increasing with Mg or La doping content [16]. Optical losses of the samples and spectroscopic properties are presented.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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On the Enlargement of the Emission Spectra from the 4I13/2 Level of Er3+ in Silica-Based Optical Fibers through Lanthanum or Magnesium Co-Doping

et al. 2018

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Improving optical fiber amplifiers requires the elaboration and use of new materials and new compositions. In this sense, we prepared erbium-doped optical fiber samples that were co-doped with magnesium or lanthanum by gradual-time solution doping. Doping concentrations and thermal processes induce the formation of nanoparticles. The effect of lanthanum and magnesium contents on the width of the spontaneous emission of the 4 I 13 / 2 level of Er 3 + was characterized in the nanoparticle-rich fiber samples. For that purpose, the width was characterized by the effective linewidth and the full-width at half-maximum (FWHM). The results indicate the robustness of the effective linewidth to strong variations in the intensity profiles of the 4 I 13 / 2 spontaneous emission. Increasing the doping concentrations of both magnesium and lanthanum increases the FWHM and the effective linewidth, along with optical losses. Results show that the fabrication of nanoparticle-rich optical fibers through lanthanum or magnesium doping induces an FHWM broadening of 54% and 64%, respectively, or an effective linewidth broadening of 59% (for both elements) while maintaining a transparency that is compatible with fiber laser and amplifier applications.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Optical Lossesmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Optical Lossesmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

On the Enlargement of the Emission Spectra from the 4I13/2 Level of Er3+ in Silica-Based Optical Fibers through Lanthanum or Magnesium Co-Doping

et al. 2018

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“…However, from the geometrical considerations, it is clear that their shape should evolve. Recently, to shed more light on this question, Vermillac et al studied the morphologies of oxide particles in optical fibers [191,192]. It was found that during the drawing step, the spherical particles present in the preform could be elongated and even broken up into smaller particles (Figure 6b).…”

Section: Phase-separated Fibersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nano-Structured Optical Fibers Made of Glass-Ceramics, and Phase Separated and Metallic Particle-Containing Glasses

Veber

Vermillac

et al. 2019

Fibers

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For years, scientists have been looking for different techniques to make glasses perfect: fully amorphous and ideally homogeneous. Meanwhile, recent advances in the development of particle-containing glasses (PCG), defined in this paper as glass-ceramics, glasses doped with metallic nanoparticles, and phase-separated glasses show that these "imperfect" glasses can result in better optical materials if particles of desired chemistry, size, and shape are present in the glass. It has been shown that PCGs can be used for the fabrication of nanostructured fibers-a novel class of media for fiber optics. These unique optical fibers are able to outperform their traditional glass counterparts in terms of available emission spectral range, quantum efficiency, non-linear properties, fabricated sensors sensitivity, and other parameters. Being rather special, nanostructured fibers require new, unconventional solutions on the materials used, fabrication, and characterization techniques, limiting the use of these novel materials. This work overviews practical aspects and progress in the fabrication and characterization methods of the particle-containing glasses with particular attention to nanostructured fibers made of these materials. A review of the recent achievements shows that current technologies allow producing high-optical quality PCG-fibers of different types, and the unique optical properties of these nanostructured fibers make them prospective for applications in lasers, optical communications, medicine, lighting, and other areas of science and industry.Made of glass, optical fibers inherited all positive and negative properties of this material. Glasses are easy and inexpensive to produce on any scale and in any shape, they can possess high chemical stability and mechanical strength, and have high transparency. However, they could hardly compete, for example, with crystalline materials in thermal conductivity, or rare-earth elements' absorption, emission cross-sections, and available transparency range. Recent advances in glass science showed that properties of this material can be significantly improved if some additional phases are formed or impregnated in the glass. In particular, advances have been achieved in the development of particle-containing glasses: glass-ceramic materials, glasses doped with metallic nanoparticles, and phase-separated glasses. To date, these particle-containing glasses have become quite common and actively used in case of the bulk materials, but are still rather new for fiber optics.The purpose of this review is to summarize recent advances in the fabrication of structured fibers made of particle-containing glasses, their potential benefits, their actual properties, and their potential applications. The review covers three types of particle-containing glasses (PCG): crystalline dielectric particles, i.e., glass-ceramics; metallic nanoparticles (MeNPs); and dielectric amorphous particles, i.e., phase-separated glasses.First, we consider properties of the PCG bulk materials, their potenti...

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Investigation of the opto-thermo-mechanical properties of antimicrobial PET/TiO2 fiber using the transport of intensity equation technique

et al. 2022

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The transport of intensity equation (TIE) technique is used to investigate the effect of stretching and annealing conditions on the optical features and antimicrobial activity of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fibers treated with TiO 2 nanoparticles. The main core of this paper gets the most preferable optical and mechanical properties for PET/TiO 2 fiber which maintains its antibacterial activity. The variation of the refractive index of untreated PET/TiO 2 fiber along its axis is studied. The computed tomography technique is used to investigate the morphology of the tested fiber and the distribution of TiO 2 nanoparticles inside the fiber. The effect of stretching on the refractive index and the density of TiO 2 nanoparticles of drawn PET/TiO 2 fibers are carried out. The antimicrobial activity of the PET/TiO 2 fibers are evaluated before and after stretching. The PET/TiO 2 fibers are annealed at different temperatures and durations. The influence of annealing on the variation of the refractive index of PET/TiO 2 fiber along its axis and the distribution of TiO 2 is investigated.

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On the morphologies of oxides particles in optical fibers: Effect of the drawing tension and composition

Cited by 23 publications

References 20 publications

On the Enlargement of the Emission Spectra from the 4I13/2 Level of Er3+ in Silica-Based Optical Fibers through Lanthanum or Magnesium Co-Doping

On the Enlargement of the Emission Spectra from the 4I13/2 Level of Er3+ in Silica-Based Optical Fibers through Lanthanum or Magnesium Co-Doping

Nano-Structured Optical Fibers Made of Glass-Ceramics, and Phase Separated and Metallic Particle-Containing Glasses

Investigation of the opto-thermo-mechanical properties of antimicrobial PET/TiO2 fiber using the transport of intensity equation technique

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