On the Need and Speed of Regulating Triclosan and Triclocarban in the United States

Halden, Rolf U.

doi:10.1021/es500495p

Cited by 274 publications

(199 citation statements)

References 129 publications

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“…169 " 171 The public health significance of triclosan exposure requires further examination, but evidence to date combined with no clear benefit has concerned both scientists and regulators. 172 4. In the absence of clear evidence suggesting superior effectiveness in healthcare settings, combined with risks of resistance and contamination, use of triclosan-containing soaps in healthcare settings for hand hygiene should be avoided.…”

Section: Understanding the Incremental Clinical Benefit Of Tri-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategies to Prevent Healthcare-Associated Infections through Hand Hygiene

Ellingson

Haas

Aiello

et al. 2014

Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol.

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Previously published guidelines provide comprehensive recommendations for hand hygiene in healthcare facilities. The intent of this document is to highlight practical recommendations in a concise format, update recommendations with the most current scientific evidence, and elucidate topics that warrant clarification or more robust research. Additionally, this document is designed to assist healthcare facilities in implementing hand hygiene adherence improvement programs, including efforts to optimize hand hygiene product use, monitor and report back hand hygiene adherence data, and promote behavior change. This expert guidance document is sponsored by the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA) and is the product of a collaborative effort led by SHEA, the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA), the American Hospital Association (AHA), the Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology (APIC), and The Joint Commission, with major contributions from representatives of a number of organizations and societies with content expertise. The list of endorsing and supporting organizations is presented in the introduction to the 2014 updates.

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Section: Understanding the Incremental Clinical Benefit Of Tri-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategies to Prevent Healthcare-Associated Infections through Hand Hygiene

Ellingson

Haas

Aiello

et al. 2014

Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol.

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“…For the emission of TCS to the receiving environment, the pathways into the water and soil compartments were considered. Since sewage is the main carrier for TCS, the TCS incorporated in the sewage from urban population can be mostly removed in WWTPs before it enters into surface water (Halden 2014;Halden and Paull 2005;Lozano et al 2013;Waltman et al 2006). But, for the TCS in sewage from rural population, it is assumed that the sewage is directly discharged into the receiving environment without treatment based on the report by Ministry of Environmental Protection of China (GOSC 2012).…”

Section: Emission Estimationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After use, most of the PCPs containing TCS are washed down the drain and discharged into wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), with its reported removal efficiencies of 57-99 % (Bester 2005;Halden 2014;Samaras et al 2013;Singer et al 2002;Thomas and Foster 2005;Wick et al 2010;, and eventually into the receiving aquatic environment (Halden 2014). The large consumption for TCS has promoted it to be ranked in the list of top contaminants of concern worldwide (von der Ohe et al 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Basin-scale emission and multimedia fate of triclosan in whole China

Zhang

Ying

Chen

et al. 2015

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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This study aimed to investigate the emission and multimedia fate as well as potential risks of triclosan (TCS) in all of 58 basins in China. The results showed that the total usage of TCS in whole China was 100 t/year, and the discharge to the receiving environment was estimated to be 66.1 t/year. The predicted TCS concentrations by the level III fugacity model were within an order of magnitude of the reported measured concentrations. TCS (90.8 %) was discharged into the water compartment and 9.2 % to the soil compartment. The TCS concentration levels in east China were found generally higher than in west China. In addition, the input flux for TCS to seawater was largely attributed to the seasonal variations in advection flows. Preliminary risk assessment showed that medium to high ecological risks for TCS would be expected in the eastern part of China due to the high population density.

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“…(2) Because TCC is designed to act against bacteria, the pervasiveness of TCC in biological engineered and environmental systems could impact microbial antibiotic resistance profiles. (6,7) To date, very little research is available that describes the impacts of TCC on antibiotic resistance. Triclosan (TCS), which is also a polychlorinated, binuclear, aromatic antimicrobial agent, is a chemical analog of TCC and has been studied much more thoroughly for its impact on antibiotic resistance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Triclocarban Influences Antibiotic Resistance and Alters Anaerobic Digester Microbial Community Structure

Carey

Zitomer

Hristova

et al. 2015

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Triclocarban (TCC) is one of the most abundant organic micropollutants detected in biosolids. Lab-scale anaerobic digesters were amended with TCC at concentrations ranging from the background concentration of seed biosolids (30 mg/kg) to toxic concentrations of 850 mg/kg to determine the effect on methane production, relative abundance of antibiotic resistance genes, and microbial community structure. Additionally, the TCC addition rate was varied to determine the impacts of acclimation time. At environmentally relevant TCC concentrations (max detect = 440 mg/kg), digesters maintained function. Digesters receiving 450 mg/kg of TCC maintained function under gradual TCC addition, but volatile fatty acid concentrations increased, pH decreased, and methane production ceased when immediately fed this concentration. The concentrations of the mexB gene (encoding for a multidrug efflux pump) were higher with all concentrations of TCC compared to a control, but higher TCC concentrations did not correlate with increased mexB abundance. The relative abundance of the gene tet(L) was greater in the digesters that no longer produced methane, and no effect on the relative abundance of the class 1 integron integrase encoding gene (intI1) was observed. Illumina sequencing revealed substantial community shifts in digesters that functionally failed from increased levels of TCC. More subtle, yet significant, community shifts were observed in digesters amended with TCC levels that did not inhibit function. This research demonstrates that TCC can select for a multidrug resistance encoding gene in mixed community anaerobic environments, and this selection occurs at concentrations (30 mg/kg) that can be found in full-scale anaerobic digesters (U.S. median concentration = 22 mg/kg, mean = 39 mg/kg).

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On the Need and Speed of Regulating Triclosan and Triclocarban in the United States

Cited by 274 publications

References 129 publications

Strategies to Prevent Healthcare-Associated Infections through Hand Hygiene

Strategies to Prevent Healthcare-Associated Infections through Hand Hygiene

Basin-scale emission and multimedia fate of triclosan in whole China

Triclocarban Influences Antibiotic Resistance and Alters Anaerobic Digester Microbial Community Structure

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