On the origin and nature of the interannual variability of the winter stratospheric circulation in the northern hemisphere

Kodera, Kunihiko

doi:10.1029/95jd01172

Cited by 128 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…At the same time, however, the variability of the atmosphere at lower altitudes is also found to be related to the solar cycle (Labitzke and van Loon 1997;Hood et al 1993;Kodera 1995). These signals suggest the existence of an indirect effect of solar radiation by way of amplifying the small solar signal through the interaction with dynamics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The existence of the downward propagation of anomalous zonal wind is pointed out by observational studies (Kodera et al 1990, Kodera 1995. Kodera (1995) has shown that the signal due to external forcing, such as solar forcing, can be regarded as a modulation of the internal mode of variability of the atmosphere characterized by poleward and downward movement of the zonal-mean zonal wind anomaly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Solar Activity on the Polar-night Jet Oscillation in the Northern and Southern Hemisphere Winter.

Kuroda¹,

Kodera²

2002

JMSJ

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Effect of the modulation of the Polar-night jet oscillation (PJO) in winter time by the 11-year solar cycle is examined by the observational data from 1979 to 1999. It is found that zonal wind and the E-P flux anomalies appear commonly in the subtropical upper stratosphere in early winter of both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres as a response to meridional UV heating contrast. These zonal wind anomalies are found to propagate poleward and downward with development as a seasonal march in both hemispheres. Although the length of the record is limited, it is suggested from the available data that the signal due to solar activity appears as the time evolution of the PJO triggered by solar forcing at early winter in both hemispheres. Differences in the signals between the Northern and Southern Hemispheres during late winter are explained in terms of the different characteristics of the PJO in each hemisphere. A significant temperature signal is also found to appear in the Southern Hemisphere in late winter under a solar maximum condition.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Solar Activity on the Polar-night Jet Oscillation in the Northern and Southern Hemisphere Winter.

Kuroda¹,

Kodera²

2002

JMSJ

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“…The interannual variability in stratospheric circulation reflects year-to-year differences in the intraseasonal variation (including sudden warming events) and is thought to be an internal variation triggered by external forcings (Kodera 1995). For the extratropical stratosphere-troposphere coupled system, the equatorial quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) is included as an external forcing in addition to the 11-year solar cycle, El Niñ o/Southern Oscillation, volcanic aerosols and so on, whereas tropospheric wave forcing of stratospheric circulation is included within the internal variability due to the nonlinear dynamics (Yoden 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Planetary Wave Diagnostics on the QBO Effects on the Deceleration of the Polar-night Jet in the Southern Hemisphere.

Naito

2002

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

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A composite analysis with respect to the phases of the equatorial quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) is made for the zonal-mean zonal flow and the Eliassen-Palm (EP) flux during late winter to spring in the Southern Hemisphere.It is shown that deceleration in the lower stratosphere in September to October is more rapid in the easterly phase of the QBO than in the westerly phase, which makes the stratospheric zonal wind in November weaker. Such deceleration is consistent with the larger convergence of the EP flux observed in the easterly phase, which is associated with the stronger upward flux from the troposphere. It is also found that the equatorward flux in the upper troposphere is stronger in the westerly phase. These results for the EP flux diagnostics are discussed in terms of angular momentum budget of the atmosphere within a supposed zonally symmetric ''body-of-rotation''.The composite difference of the upward flux is dominated by zonal wavenumber 1-3 component, whereas wavenumber 4-6 is predominant for the equatorward flux. Accordingly, it is suggested to be inappropriate to explain the difference of these fluxes between the QBO phases by considering the alternative directions of propagation of particular wave components due to change in refractive index. It seems that activities of wave disturbances in both scales are modified respectively by the QBO.

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“…The oscillations propagate down from the upper stratosphere and may be related to the Arctic Oscillation, which is a mode of variability that is sensitive to SC influence (e.g., Kodera [43]; Thompson [48]). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observed Solar Cycle Variation of the Stratospheric QBO Generated in the Mesosphere and Amplified by Upward Propagating Waves

Mayr¹,

Huang²,

Lee³

2018

ACS

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With an analysis of zonal wind observations over 40 years, Salby and Callaghan [1] showed that the Quasi-biennial Oscillation (QBO) at 20 km is modulated by 11-year solar cycle (SC) variations from about 12 to 20 m/s ( Figure 2). The observations are reproduced qualitatively in a study with the 3D Numerical Spectral Model, which shows that the SC effect of the stratospheric QBO is produced by dynamical downward coupling originating in the mesosphere. In this modeling study, the SC period is taken to be 10 years, and a realistic heat source is applied varying exponentially with altitude: 0.2%, surface; 2%, 50 km; 20%, 100 km and above. The numerical results show that the variable solar radiation in the mesosphere around 65 km generates a hemispheric symmetric Equatorial Annual Oscillation (EAO), which is modulated by relatively large SC variations. Under the influence of wave mean flow interactions, the EAO propagates into the lower atmosphere and is the dynamical source or pacemaker for the large SC modulation of the QBO. The numerical results show that the upward propagating small-scale gravity waves from the troposphere amplify the SC modulations of the QBO and EAO in the stratosphere, part of the SC mechanism. The zonal winds of the equatorial QBO and EAO produce through the meridional circulation measurable SC variations in the temperature of the stratosphere and troposphere at high latitudes. Analysis of NCEP temperature and zonal wind data (1958 to 2006) provides observational evidence of the EAO with SC variations around 11 years.

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On the origin and nature of the interannual variability of the winter stratospheric circulation in the northern hemisphere

Cited by 128 publications

References 36 publications

Effect of Solar Activity on the Polar-night Jet Oscillation in the Northern and Southern Hemisphere Winter.

Effect of Solar Activity on the Polar-night Jet Oscillation in the Northern and Southern Hemisphere Winter.

Planetary Wave Diagnostics on the QBO Effects on the Deceleration of the Polar-night Jet in the Southern Hemisphere.

Observed Solar Cycle Variation of the Stratospheric QBO Generated in the Mesosphere and Amplified by Upward Propagating Waves

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