On the particle evolution in iron pentacarbonyl loaded counterflow methane–air flame

Raj, Abhishek; Tan, Zhongchao; Zhu, Di; Croiset, Eric; Wen, John Z.

doi:10.1016/j.combustflame.2018.04.003

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Studies in rich premixed flames, where a deficiency of oxidizing species limits soot oxidation, have shown enhanced soot formation after doping of either ferrocene or Fe (CO)5 [761,763,764]. It was also observed that in diffusion flames, particles appeared earlier in iron-seeded flames than in unseeded flames [262,263,634,765].…”

Section: B) Addition Of Metal-containing Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Relevant studies in CDFs were performed by Raj et al [261,634,769] who doped Fe(CO)5 in a methane CDF with XF,0= 0.097, XO,0= 0.53 and an effective strain rate KE of 17 s -1 . Of special note is that Fe (CO)5 was carried by a separate N2 stream and fed to the flame through a central tube embedded in-and concentric with-the bottom fuel burner nozzle.…”

Section: B) Addition Of Metal-containing Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The authors explained this interesting behavior by the diffusion of oxygen across the stagnation plane, due to early consumption of the fuel; unfortunately, however, no oxygen concentration profiles were provided in a subsequent modelling study [769] for further confirmation. Raj et al [634] continued to study the particle evolution of the same CDF with and without Fe (CO)5 addition. With tube sampling of the flame gas and subsequent particle analysis with a SMPS, the total particle number density and the size distributions were measured at different axial positions between the two opposing nozzles.…”

Section: B) Addition Of Metal-containing Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Soot formation in laminar counterflow flames

Wang

Chung

2019

Progress in Energy and Combustion Science

360

116

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Many practical soot-emitting combustion systems such as diesel and jet engines rely on diffusion flames for efficient and reliable operation. Efforts to mitigate soot emissions from these systems are dependent on fundamental understanding of the physicochemical pathways leading from fuel to soot in laminar diffusion flames. Existing diffusion flame−based soot studies focused primarily on overventilated coflow flame where the fuel gas (or vapor) issues from a cylindrical tube into a co-flowing oxidizer, and counterflow flame, where a reacting zone is established between two opposing streams of fuel and oxidizer. As a canonical diffusion flame configuration, laminar counterflow diffusion flames have been widely used as a highly controllable environment for soot research, enabling significant progress in the understanding of soot formation for several decades. In view of the possibility of fuel/oxidizer premixing in practical systems, counterflow partially premixed flames have also been studied. In the present work we intend to provide a comprehensive review of the researches on various aspects of soot formation utilizing counterflow flames. Major processes of soot formation (formation of gas phase soot precursors, soot inception and surface reactions, as well as particle-particle interactions) are examined first, with focus on the most recent (post-2010) research progress. Experimental techniques and associated challenges for the measurement of soot-related properties (some knowledge of which is helpful for full appreciation of the experimental data to be reviewed) are then introduced. This is followed by a detailed description of soot evolution in counterflow flames, which is complemented by a discussion on the similarity and differences of the sooting structures between counterflow and coflow diffusion flames. Parametric studies of the effects of fuel molecular structure, fuel additive, partial-premixing, pressure, temperature, stoichiometric mixture fraction, and residence time on soot formation in counterflow flames will then be addressed in detail. This review concludes with a summary of the knowledge and challenges gathered and demonstrated through decades of research, and an outlook on opportunities for future counterflow flame−based soot research towards a more complete understanding of soot formation and the development of novel techniques for soot mitigation in practical combustion devices.

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Section: B) Addition Of Metal-containing Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: B) Addition Of Metal-containing Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: B) Addition Of Metal-containing Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Soot formation in laminar counterflow flames

Wang

Chung

2019

Progress in Energy and Combustion Science

360

116

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“…Over the past decades, the influence of iron addition on soot formation characteristics has been studied extensively. − For example, Feitelberg et al investigated the influence of ferrocene addition on premixed ethylene flames by light absorption and scattering measurements. They found that after the addition of ferrocene, the soot volume fraction tripled and the geometric mean particle diameter also increased obviously, but the number density of soot particles decreased.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Trace metals, such as iron, are widely present in practical fuels, especially in coal and biomass fuels . Meanwhile, some iron-containing compounds, such as ferrocene [Fe(C 5 H 5 ) 2 ] and iron pentacarbonyl [Fe(CO) 5 ], can be used as fuel additives to promote soot oxidation. − The role of iron in the flame synthesis of carbon nanotube has also attracted numerous studies for its notable catalytic effect. , Moreover, some studies − have shown that the presence of iron could also affect the formation characteristics of soot, a byproduct of incomplete combustion of hydrocarbon fuels that can result in air pollution and global warming , and cause damage to human health, especially respiratory diseases. − Furthermore, according to the exposure experiments on adult rats by Zhou et al, the synergistic effect of iron and soot particles would lead to more hazardous damage to the cardiopulmonary system compared with the impact of pure iron particles and soot particles. All these make the effect of iron addition on soot formation an interesting and important issue.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Iron Addition on the Collision of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Clusters: A Molecular Dynamics Study

2023

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In this work, soot particle size distributions in iron-doped premixed ethylene flames are examined using scanning mobility particle sizer measurements. It is found that iron addition promotes the growth in soot particle size, and the enhanced particle coagulation is inferred to be an important reason. To support that, the influence of iron addition on the coagulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) clusters, the analogue of incipient soot particles, is further investigated using molecular dynamics simulations. Based on the results of hundreds of binary head-on collision simulations, the collision between two coronene–Fe–coronene dimers is found to have a significantly higher coagulation efficiency than that between two coronene dimers. However, this enhancement effect weakens as the size of the PAH monomer increases. Although the coagulation efficiency can be increased by iron addition, the collision frequency is almost unaffected, as revealed from the binary off-central collision simulations. Moreover, the simulation results of coronene cluster growth via coagulation show that iron addition promotes coronene cluster growth, leading to larger cluster size, which may explain the larger soot particle size observed in iron-doped flames.

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Experimental investigation on the ignition and combustion characteristics of moving micron-sized Mg particles in CO2

Zhu

Guo

et al. 2020

Acta Astronautica

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On the particle evolution in iron pentacarbonyl loaded counterflow methane–air flame

Cited by 7 publications

References 43 publications

Soot formation in laminar counterflow flames

Soot formation in laminar counterflow flames

Effects of Iron Addition on the Collision of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Clusters: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Experimental investigation on the ignition and combustion characteristics of moving micron-sized Mg particles in CO2

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