On the Reliability and Life Cycle Cost Analyses of Small-scale Standalone Solar Systems in Rural Areas

Alikhani, Parnian; Mrad, Abeer; Louie, Henry; Tjernberg, Lina Bertling

doi:10.1109/isgt49243.2021.9372190

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…From the first day, the community participated in the process and written agreements, leading to the establishment of a managing committee, energy consumption fee, and service conditions [19]. The design stage was completed at the end of 2015 with a methodology described as "intuitive" in [14], taking into account the uncertainties of projected load estimations and technology available in Perú at that time. The microgrid consists of two 3 kWp photovoltaic arrays, one 3 kW wind turbine, power electronics, and an 800 Ah-48 V battery bank.…”

Section: Microgrid Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the few works that reports and closely analyzes measured electrical data obtained from a real working hybrid microgrid is [11], but in this case, no attention is given to meteorological or economical parameters. More recent works study reliability and costs [14]. Other studies focus exclusively on PV systems' technical performance with measured data [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reliability and Energy Costs Analysis of a Rural Hybrid Microgrid Using Measured Data and Battery Dynamics: A Case Study in the Coast of Perú

Canziani

Vargas²,

Castilla

et al. 2021

Energies

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Hybrid microgrids constitute a promising solution for filling the electricity access gap that currently exists in rural areas; however, there is still relatively little information about their reliability and costs based on measured data in real working conditions. This article analyzes data obtained from the operation of a 9 kW hybrid microgrid in the fishermen’s cove of Laguna Grande, Paracas, in the Ica region of Perú, which has been running for 5 years. This microgrid has been equipped with data acquisition systems that measure and register wind speed, solar radiation, temperatures, and all the relevant electric parameters. Battery dynamics considerations are used to determine the depth of discharge in a real-time operative situation. The collected data are used to optimize the design using the specialized software HOMER, incorporating state-of-the-art technology and costs as a possible system upgrade. This work aims to contribute to better understanding the behavior of hybrid rural microgrids using data collected under field conditions, analyzing their reliability, costs, and corresponding sensitivity to battery size as well as solar and wind installed power, as a complement to a majority of studies based on simulations.

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Section: Microgrid Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliability and Energy Costs Analysis of a Rural Hybrid Microgrid Using Measured Data and Battery Dynamics: A Case Study in the Coast of Perú

Canziani

Vargas²,

Castilla

et al. 2021

Energies

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“…At the beginning there was a dose of distrust from many members of the community, but as people started to witness the progress achieved and the houses and stores being lighted, many more joined the project [147]. The microgrid was designed following a methodology that can be qualified as "intuitive" according to some literature [148], having to estimate an expected demand from the community´s future consumers and configured with the technology that was available at that time in the Peruvian market. The final design consisted of two 3 kWp PV arrays, one 3 kW wind turbine, power electronics, and an 800 Ah-48V lead-acid-gel battery bank.…”

Section: Rural Microgrid Configurationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and implementation of rural microgrids : Laguna Grande case study

Canziani Amico

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In 2015 the United Nations established the 17 Sustainable Development Goals: a set of interrelated objectives and a guide to reach a more sustainable and higher quality future for all humanity. The goals were set with a timeline for 2030, the seventh goal refers specifically to the universal access to “affordable and clean energy”. Taking account the considerable fraction of world population that do not have access to electricity, especially in rural areas, this goal still requires a great effort and investment. Rural hybrid microgrids, that integrate and manage solar and wind energy resources to provide electric service to remote locations, are a promising solution to reach this “last mile” scenario. However, as is reported in the literature, there is still scarce information about the performance of these systems based on measured data obtained in real working field conditions. This work aims to contribute to this aspect mainly by analyzing the data obtained in the 9 kW Laguna Grande community hybrid microgrid, which is cooperative since 2016 in the coast of Perú, and has been equipped with sensors and data acquisition systems that measure and register solar radiation, wind speed, temperatures, and all the relevant electric parameters. As a preliminary study, the rural electrification gap and costs are assessed, as well as the availability of solar and wind resources in the area of interest. A literature and state of the art review is undertaken followed by the definition of the microgrid concept and the different ways in which a rural microgrid can be configured. The particular way in which the Laguna Grande microgrid is configured and instrumented is described. Measured meteorological conditions as solar radiation, wind speed and temperature are analyzed and related to the power generated by the photovoltaic arrays and wind turbine. This in turn leads to a balance with respect to the power delivered to the community and consequently to the voltage levels of the battery bank. Battery dynamics concepts are used to determine the depth of discharge (DOD) of the batteries in a real time regime. The statistics of the DOD values allows for the duration of the battery to be estimated which is a key factor to the microgrid economics and reliability. A parametric study is done to assess the effect of varying battery size on the technical and economic performance of the microgrid; similarly, with generating capacity in both photovoltaic arrays and wind turbines. Complementarily, a commercial software is used to optimize the microgrid, introducing state of the art components as lithium-ion batteries, power electronics and photovoltaic modules for a future upgrade. Finally, this study would not be complete without emphasizing the importance and adequate consideration of the human factor for the success and long-term sustainability of rural electrification projects. En el año 2015 las Naciones Unidas estableció los 17 Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible: un conjunto de objetivos interrelacionados y una guía para alcanzar un futuro más sostenible y de mayor calidad para toda la humanidad. Las metas se establecieron con una línea de tiempo para el 2030, la séptima meta se refiere específicamente al acceso universal a “energía limpia y asequible”. Teniendo en cuenta la fracción considerable de la población mundial que no tiene acceso a la electricidad, especialmente en las zonas rurales, este objetivo aún requiere un gran esfuerzo e inversión. Las microrredes híbridas rurales, que integran y gestionan los recursos de energía solar y eólica para proporcionar servicio eléctrico a lugares remotos, son una solución prometedora para llegar a este escenario de “última milla”. Sin embargo, como se reporta en la literatura, aún existe poca información sobre el desempeño de estos sistemas basada en datos medidos y obtenidos en condiciones operativas, reales de campo. Este trabajo busca contribuir en este aspecto principalmente mediante el análisis de los datos obtenidos en la microrred híbrida comunitaria de 9 kW en Laguna Grande, que está operativa desde 2016 en la costa de Perú. Esta microrred ha sido equipada con sensores y sistemas de adquisición de datos que miden y registran la energía solar, radiación, velocidad del viento, temperaturas y todos los parámetros eléctricos relevantes. Como estudio preliminar se evalúa la brecha y costos de electrificación rural, así como la disponibilidad de recurso solar y eólico en la zona de interés. Se realiza una revisión bibliográfica y del estado del arte, seguida de la definición del concepto de microrred y las diferentes formas en que se puede configurar una microrred rural. Se describe la forma particular en que se configura e instrumenta la microrred de Laguna Grande. Las condiciones meteorológicas medidas como la radiación solar, la velocidad del viento y la temperatura se analizan y relacionan con la energía generada por los arreglos fotovoltaicos y la turbina eólica. Esto a su vez conduce a realizar un balance con respecto a la potencia entregada a la comunidad y consecuentemente a los niveles de voltaje del banco de baterías. Los conceptos de dinámica de batería se utilizan para determinar la profundidad de descarga (DOD) de las baterías en un régimen a tiempo real. Las estadísticas de los valores DOD permiten estimar la duración de la batería, lo cual es un factor clave para la economía y confiabilidad de la microrred. Se realiza un estudio paramétrico para evaluar el efecto de variar el tamaño de la batería en el desempeño técnico y económico de la microrred; de igual forma, con la capacidad de generación tanto en arreglos fotovoltaicos como turbinas eólicas. Complementariamente, se utiliza un software comercial para optimizar la microrred, introduciendo componentes de última generación como baterías de iones de litio, electrónica de potencia y módulos fotovoltaicos para una futura actualización. Finalmente, este estudio no estaría completo sin enfatizar la importancia y la adecuada consideración del factor humano para el éxito y la sostenibilidad a largo plazo de los proyectos de electrificación rural.

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Capacity factor enhancement for an export limited wind generation site utilising a novel Flywheel Energy Storage strategy

Hutchinson

Gladwin

2023

Journal of Energy Storage

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On the Reliability and Life Cycle Cost Analyses of Small-scale Standalone Solar Systems in Rural Areas

Cited by 6 publications

References 11 publications

Reliability and Energy Costs Analysis of a Rural Hybrid Microgrid Using Measured Data and Battery Dynamics: A Case Study in the Coast of Perú

Reliability and Energy Costs Analysis of a Rural Hybrid Microgrid Using Measured Data and Battery Dynamics: A Case Study in the Coast of Perú

Design and implementation of rural microgrids : Laguna Grande case study

Capacity factor enhancement for an export limited wind generation site utilising a novel Flywheel Energy Storage strategy

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