“…In order to tackle this issue, a number of different approaches have been reported in literature, including probabilistic transfer matrix (PTM) method [10][11][12], Bayesian networks (BN) [13][14][15], Markov random field (MRF) [16][17][18][19][20], Monte Carlo (MC) simulation, testing-based method [3], stochastic computation model (SCM) [2,21], probabilistic gate model (PGM) [22][23][24][25], observability-based analysis [26], Boolean difference-based error calculator (BDEC), and correlation coefficient method-(CCM-) based approaches [8,[26][27][28]. In the following, we overview some of these approaches and analyze their pros and cons in terms of accuracy, efficiency, and flexibility with simulation results.…”