Onchocerciasis

Crainey, James Lee; Medeiros, Jansen Fernandes; Pessoa, Felipe Arley Costa; Luz, Sérgio L.B.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-13884-8_25

Cited by 9 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…In addition to verifying that South America does indeed have the conditions to support M. perstans and providing a useful reference for vector incrimination and other epidemiologic studies, our findings have also provided insights into the origin of the M. perstans parasite in South America. Given how similar our findings are to those obtained when Onchocerca volvulus parasite mitogenomes from Latin America and Africa have been compared, they suggest that M. perstans , like O. volvulus , probably arrived in Latin America as a consequence of the slave trade ( 9 – 10 ). …”

supporting

confidence: 84%

Molecular Verification of New WorldMansonella perstansParasitemias

Silva¹,

Crainey²,

Silva³

et al. 2017

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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supporting

confidence: 84%

Molecular Verification of New WorldMansonella perstansParasitemias

Silva¹,

Crainey²,

Silva³

et al. 2017

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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“… 96 In Cameroon, it has been proposed that some areas of low onchocerciasis endemicity are explained by “zooprophylaxis”, whereby exposure to simuliid bites from insects infected with cattle parasite Onchocerca ochengi provide something akin to natural vaccination. 97 , 98 In light of these observations, the recent discovery of highly prevalent zoonotic Mansonella parasites in anthropophilic simuliid vectors of the region may thus been seen as an alternative explanation as to why M. ozzardi has failed to establish in Rondônia. 94 , 98 , 99…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 97 , 98 In light of these observations, the recent discovery of highly prevalent zoonotic Mansonella parasites in anthropophilic simuliid vectors of the region may thus been seen as an alternative explanation as to why M. ozzardi has failed to establish in Rondônia. 94 , 98 , 99…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mansonellosis: current perspectives

Ta‐Tang

Crainey

Post

et al. 2018

RRTM

161

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Mansonellosis is a filarial disease caused by three species of filarial (nematode) parasites (Mansonella perstans, Mansonella streptocerca, and Mansonella ozzardi) that use humans as their main definitive hosts. These parasites are transmitted from person to person by bloodsucking females from two families of flies (Diptera). Biting midges (Ceratopogonidae) transmit all three species of Mansonella, but blackflies (Simuliidae) are also known to play a role in the transmission of M. ozzardi in parts of Latin America. M. perstans and M. streptocerca are endemic in western, eastern, and central Africa, and M. perstans is also present in the neotropical region from equatorial Brazil to the Caribbean coast. M. ozzardi has a patchy distribution in Latin America and the Caribbean. Mansonellosis infections are thought to have little pathogenicity and to be almost always asymptomatic, but occasionally causing itching, joint pains, enlarged lymph glands, and vague abdominal symptoms. In Brazil, M. ozzardi infections are also associated with corneal lesions. Diagnosis is usually performed by detecting microfilariae in peripheral blood or skin without any periodicity. There is no standard treatment at present for mansonellosis. The combination therapy of diethylcarbamazine plus mebendazole for M. perstans microfilaremia is presently one of the most widely used, but the use of ivermectin has also been proven to be very effective against microfilariae. Recently, doxycycline has shown excellent efficacy and safety when used as an antimicrobial against endosymbiotic Wolbachia bacteria harbored by some strains of M. perstans and M. ozzardi. Diethylcarbamazine and ivermectin have been used effectively to treat M. streptocerca infection. There are at present no estimates of the disease burden caused by mansonellosis, and thus its importance to many global health professionals and policy makers is presently limited to how it can interfere with diagnostic tools used in modern filarial disease control and elimination programs aimed at other species of filariae.

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“…A key component of the WHO´s nascent onchocerciasis elimination programme is the entomological monitoring of O . volvulus transmission by its blackfly vectors [1,2]. Historically, the African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control (APOC) and Onchocerciasis Elimination Program for the Americas (OEPA) have used human-baited vector collection (HBVC) to calculate infectious bite rates [1–3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…volvulus entomological monitoring is needed [8,9]. The WHO´s nascent lymphatic and onchocerciasis elimination programme thus urgently needs novel methods of blackfly capture, which do not expose vector collectors to unnecessary risks from vector bites [1,2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blackflies in the ointment: O. volvulus vector biting can be significantly reduced by the skin-application of mineral oil during human landing catches

et al. 2019

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Background Standard human landing catches (sHLCs) have historically been a key component of Onchocerca volvulus transmission monitoring, but expose health-workers to potentially hazardous vector bites. Novel human-bait-free trapping methods have been developed, but do not always work where they are needed and may not generate O . volvulus surveillance data that is directly comparable with historic data. Methodology Simuliid sHLCs and mineral-oil protected HLCs (mopHLCs) were performed in a rural village of Amazonas state, Brazil. A four-hour direct comparisons of sHLCs and mopHLCs was carried-out using six vector collectors, each of whom used one leg for a sHLC and one for a mopHLC. Two-person collection teams then exclusively performed either mopHLCs or sHLCs for a further set of 12 four-hour collections. Following the completion of all collections, simuliid-bite mark estimates were made from legs used exclusively in sHLCs and legs used exclusively in mopHLCs. Principal findings All of the 1669 captured simuliids were identified as the O . volvulus vector Simulium oyapockense . Overall, mopHLC simuliids captured per hour (S/H) rates were lower than those obtained with sHLC trapping (15.5 S/H versus 20 S/H). Direct comparisons of simuliid capture rates found that vector-collectors captured simuliids significantly more efficiently ( : 20.5 S/H) with mopHLC trapping than with sHLC trapping ( : 16.4 S/H): P-value = 0.002. MopHLCs performed in isolation were, however, observed to capture vectors less efficiently ( : 13.4 S/H) than sHLCs performed under similar conditions ( : 19.98 S/H). All six vector collectors had significantly higher simuliid capture per counted bite mark (SC/CBM) rates using mopHLCs than they were observe to have using sHLCs ( : 21 SC/CBM versus : 1 SC/CBM; p-value = 0.03125). Conclusions Vector collectors captured significantly more simuliids per counted bite mark with mopHLCs than with sHLCs. Further investigations into the utility of mopHLCs for onchocerciasis xenomonitoring and beyond are merited.

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Onchocerciasis

Cited by 9 publications

References 61 publications

Molecular Verification of New WorldMansonella perstansParasitemias

Molecular Verification of New WorldMansonella perstansParasitemias

Mansonellosis: current perspectives

Blackflies in the ointment: O. volvulus vector biting can be significantly reduced by the skin-application of mineral oil during human landing catches

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