One man, three tick-borne illnesses

Grant, Leah; Mohamedy, Imran; Loertscher, Laura

doi:10.1136/bcr-2020-241004

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Of 110 patients, 58 (52.7%) were male, and 9 (8.2%) did not have a gender reported [ 6 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Uncommon presentations included: myocarditis, seizures, short-term memory impairment, orchitis, glomerulonephritis, myositis with severe rhabdomyolysis, peripheral neuropathy at the site of a tick bite, cerebral infarct, Sweet syndrome, and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) [ 35 , 38 , 39 , 63 , 81 , 86 , 90 , 91 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In our review, the rate of coinfection was 9.1%. Two patients had triple coinfections with B. burgdoferi and B. microti [ 35 , 85 ]. Both of these patients recovered with appropriate therapy; however, a year after, one patient reported symptoms of peripheral neuropathy at the site of a tick bite [ 35 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Human Granulocytic Anaplasmosis—A Systematic Review of Published Cases

et al. 2022

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Anaplasma phagocytophilum is an emerging, Gram-negative, obligate intracellular pathogen that is transmitted by a tick vector. Human infection ranges from asymptomatic to severe disease that can present with pancytopenia, multiorgan failure, and death. The aim of this systematic review is to analyze case reports and case series reported over the last two decades in peer-reviewed journals indexed in the Medline/PubMed database according to the PRISMA guidelines. We found 110 unique patients from 88 case reports and series. The most common mode of transmission was tick bite (60.9%), followed by blood transfusion (8.2%). Infection was acquired by blood transfusion in nearly half (42%) of the immunocompromised patients. Most patients reported fever (90%), followed by constitutional (59%) and gastrointestinal symptoms (56%). Rash was present in 17% of patients, much higher than in previous studies. Thrombocytopenia was the most common laboratory abnormality (76%) followed by elevated aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (46%). The diagnosis was most commonly established using whole-blood polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 76% of patients. Coinfection rate was 9.1% and Borrelia burgdorferi was most commonly isolated in seven patients (6.4%). Doxycycline was used to treat 70% of patients but was only used as an empiric treatment in one-third of patients (33.6%). The overall mortality rate was 5.7%, and one patient died from trauma unrelated to HGA. The mortality rates among immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients were 4.2% (n = 4/95) and 18.2% (n = 2/11), respectively. Four of the six patients who died (66.6%) received appropriate antibiotic therapy. Among these, doxycycline was delayed by more than 48 h in two patients.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Human Granulocytic Anaplasmosis—A Systematic Review of Published Cases

et al. 2022

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“…On these patients, five patients had a triple acute active infection [ 11 ]: EM was observed with a proven HGA and TBE. Two more patients were found to have a triple active infection but did not meet the criteria of a confirmed infection [ 12 , 13 ]. For four patients, diagnosis of one of the three infections did not meet the clinical criteria [ 14 , 15 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Co-Infections between Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. and Other Ixodes-Borne Microorganisms: A Systematic Review

et al. 2022

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When it comes to tick-borne diseases, co-infections are often mentioned. This concept includes several entities. On the one hand, tick vectors or vertebrate reservoir host can harbor several microorganisms that can be pathogenic for humans. On the other hand, human co-infections can also be understood in different ways, ranging from seropositivity without clinical symptoms to co-disease, i.e., the simultaneous clinical expression of infections by two tick-borne microorganisms. The latter, although regularly speculated, is not often reported. Hence, we conducted a systematic review on co-infections between B. burgdorferi s.l., the etiological agent of Lyme borreliosis, and other microorganisms potentially transmitted to humans by Ixodes spp. ticks. A total of 68 relevant articles were included, presenting 655 cases of possible co-infections. Most cases of co-infections corresponded to patients with one tick-borne disease and presenting antibody against another tick-borne microorganism. Co-disease was particularly frequent in two situations: patients with clinical symptoms of high fever and erythema migrans (EM), and patients with neurological symptoms linked to the TBEv or a neuroborreliosis. No impact on severity was evidenced. Further studies are needed to better appreciate the frequency and the impact of co-infections between several tick-borne microorganisms.

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“…On the other hand, peripheral nervous system (PNS) involvement includes manifestations such as plexopathy, cranial and facial nerve palsies, and demyelinating polyneuropathy [66][67][68]. Cerebral infarction [69], seizures, orchitis, glomerulonephritis, myositis with severe rhabdomyolysis, Sweet's syndrome, and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) are sporadic signs [66,[70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78]. Characteristically, the severity of the disease depends on the patient's age group, concomitant conditions, and the initiation of the treatment.…”

Section: Anaplasmosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Tick-Borne Diseases—Still a Challenge: A Review

Andonova,

Bashchobanov,

Gadzhovska

et al. 2024

Biologics

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Tick-borne diseases account for a large proportion of vector-borne illnesses. They include, for example, a variety of infections caused by bacteria, spirochetes, viruses, rickettsiae, and protozoa. We aim to present a review that demonstrates the connection between the diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and the significance of certain emergency tick-borne diseases in humans and their clinical–epidemiological features. This review covers three diseases: anaplasmosis, ehrlichiosis, and babesiosis. The emergence of ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis is become more frequently diagnosed as the cause of human infections, as animal reservoirs and tick vectors have increased in numbers and humans have inhabited areas where reservoir and tick populations are high. They belong to the order Rickettsiales and the family Anaplasmataceae, and the clinical manifestations typically coexist. Furthermore, prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment are critical to the patient’s recovery. Similar to malaria, babesiosis causes hemolysis. It is spread by intraerythrocytic protozoa, and the parasitemia dictates how severe it can get. Left untreated, some patients might have a fatal outcome. The correct diagnosis can be difficult sometimes; that is why an in-depth knowledge of the diseases is required. Prevention, prompt diagnosis, and treatment of these tick-borne diseases depend on the understanding of their clinical, epidemiological, and laboratory features.

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One man, three tick-borne illnesses

Cited by 6 publications

References 5 publications

Human Granulocytic Anaplasmosis—A Systematic Review of Published Cases

Human Granulocytic Anaplasmosis—A Systematic Review of Published Cases

Human Co-Infections between Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. and Other Ixodes-Borne Microorganisms: A Systematic Review

Tick-Borne Diseases—Still a Challenge: A Review

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