One-Step “Green” Synthetic Approach for Mesoporous C-Doped Titanium Dioxide with Efficient Visible Light Photocatalytic Activity

Dong, Fan; Wang, Haiqiang; Wu, Zhongbiao

doi:10.1021/jp9049654

Cited by 275 publications

(188 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…The UV-visible absorbance spectra of three photocatalysts (CN, C-and N-TiO2) are presented in photocatalysts prepared by other researchers (Dong et al, 2009;Jo and Kim, 2009;Dolat et al, 2012). The band at 3411 cm -1 was attributed to O-H stretching vibration, while the band at 163 cm -1 area was ascribed to O-H bending of water molecules absorbed onto the catalyst surface (Dolat et al, 2012;Nam et al, 2012).…”

Section: Purification Tests Of Target Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Purification of BTEX at Indoor Air Levels Using Carbon and Nitrogen Co-Doped Titania under Different Conditions

Jo¹,

HyunJung²

2012

Journal of Environmental Science International

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To date, carbon and nitrogen co-doped photocatalysts (CN-TiO2) for environmental application focused mainly on the aqueous phase to investigate the decomposition of water pollutants. Accordingly, the present study explored the photocatalytic performance of CN-TiO2 photocatalysts for the purification of indoor-level gas-phase aromatic species under different operational conditions. The characteristics of prepared photocatalysts were investigated using X-ray diffraction, scanning emission microscope, diffuse reflectance UV-VIS-NIR analysis, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis. In most cases, the decomposition efficiency for the target compounds exhibited a decreasing trend as input concentration (IC) increased. Specifically, the average decomposition efficiencies for benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, and xylene (BTEX) over a 3-h process decreased from 29% to close to zero, 80 to 5%, 95 to 19%, and 99 to 32%, respectively, as the IC increased from 0.1 to 2.0 ppm. The decomposition efficiencies obtained from the CN-TiO2 photocatalytic system were higher than those of the TiO2 system. As relative humidity (RH) increased from 20 to 95%, the decomposition efficiencies for BTEX decreased from 39 to 5%, 97 to 59%, 100 to 87%, and 100 to 92%, respectively. In addition, as the stream flow rates (SFRs) decreased from 3.0 to 1.0 L min -1, the average efficiencies for BTEX increased from 0 to 58%, 63 to 100%, 69 to 100%, and 68 to 100%, respectively. Taken together, these findings suggest that three (IC, RH, and SFR) should be considered for better BTEX decomposition efficiencies when applying CN-TiO2 photocatalytic technology to purification of indoor air BTEX.

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Section: Purification Tests Of Target Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Purification of BTEX at Indoor Air Levels Using Carbon and Nitrogen Co-Doped Titania under Different Conditions

Jo¹,

HyunJung²

2012

Journal of Environmental Science International

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“…4a. The peak at 282.8 eV is assigned to doped carbon O-Ti-C, whereas the peak at 281.7 eV represents non-dopant carbide carbon Ti-C from the starting material [19,20]. With increasing Ti : C ratio in the starting Ti x C y coating, the level of titanium oxidation will increase and this may explain the chemical shift of the Ti-C peaks in Fig.…”

Section: 2mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4c. those of pure phases alone [19,21,22] and R(110) has also been shown to be the more stable photoactive crystal face of rutile [23,24].…”

Section: 2mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A further contributory factor is that the TiO 2 coating produced from this oxidation route is of mixed phase rather than the pure anatase form which is obtained in the case of the sputtered TiO 2 after thermal treatment [6]. Coatings of mixed-phase TiO 2 in general have been found in the literature to have better performance than those of pure phases alone [19,21,22].…”

Section: Photocurrent Density Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of microwave plasma oxidation treatments for the fabrication of photoactive un-doped and carbon-doped TiO2 coatings

Dang

Rahman

MacElroy

et al. 2012

Surface and Coatings Technology

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The photoactivity of both un-doped and carbon-doped titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) coatings has been widely reported. In this paper, the use of a microwave plasma as a novel oxidation treatment for the fabrication of these coatings is evaluated. The photoactivity performance of the microwave plasma-formed coatings is benchmarked against those fabricated through air furnace oxidation as well as those deposited using reactive magnetron sputtering. The un-doped and carbon-doped TiO 2 coatings were prepared respectively by microwave plasma-oxidizing titanium metal sheets and sputter deposited titanium carbide thin films. The resulting oxides were characterized using XPS, XRD, FEG-SEM, and optical profilometry. The oxide layer thicknesses achieved over the 15 to 45 minute oxidation times were in the range of 0.15 to 3.44 µm. These coatings were considerably thicker than those obtained by air furnace oxidation. The microwave plasma-formed oxides also exhibited significantly higher surface roughness values compared with the magnetron-sputtered coatings. The photoactivity performance of both un-doped and carbon-doped coatings was assessed using photocurrent density measurements. Comparing the un-doped TiO 2 coatings, it was observed that those obtained using the microwave plasma oxidation route yielded photocurrent density measurements that were 4.3 times higher than the TiO 2 coatings of the same thickness that were deposited by sputtering. The microwave plasmaoxidized titanium carbide coatings did not perform as well as the un-doped TiO 2 probably due to the presence of un-oxidized carbide in the coatings, which reduced their photoactivity.

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“…In particular, carbon atom-doping has been shown to be more effective than other materials in promoting the visible light activation of TiO 2 (Leary and Westwood, 2011). Several methods such as impregnation (Miyawaki et al, 2011), mild oxidation of TiC (Shen et al, 2006), sol-gel (Lin et al, 2006;Xiao and Ouyang, 2009), hydrothermal synthesis (Dong et al, 2009), chemical vapor deposition (Kuo et al, 2007), etc, have been employed to synthesize carbon-doped TiO 2 . Among them, the sol-gel technique, which is able to achieve intimate mixing and chemical interaction between carbon and TiO 2 at relatively low temperatures, is the most widely applied method (Macwan et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of TiO2 calcination temperature on the photocatalytic oxidation of gaseous NH3

Zhang

et al. 2014

Journal of Environmental Sciences

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a b s t r a c tCarbon-modified titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) was prepared by a sol-gel method using tetrabutyl titanate as precursor, with calcination at various temperatures, and tested for the photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) of gaseous NH 3 under visible and UV light. The test results showed that no samples had visible light activity, while the TiO 2 calcined at 400°C had the best UV light activity among the series of catalysts, and was even much better than the commercial catalyst P25. The catalysts were then characterized by X-ray diffractometry, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller adsorption analysis, Raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetry/differential scanning calorimetry coupled with mass spectrometry, ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectra, photoluminescence spectroscopy and in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy. It was shown that the carbon species residuals on the catalyst surfaces induced the visible light adsorption of the samples calcined in the low temperature range (< 300°C). However, the surface acid sites played a determining role in the PCO of NH 3 under visible and UV light over the series of catalysts. Although the samples calcined at low temperatures had very high SSA, good crystallinity, strong visible light absorption and also low PL emission intensity, they showed very low PCO activity due to their very low number of acid sites for NH 3 adsorption and activation. The TiO 2 sample calcined at 400°C contained the highest number of acid sites among the series of catalysts, therefore showing the highest performance for the PCO of NH 3 under UV light.

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One-Step “Green” Synthetic Approach for Mesoporous C-Doped Titanium Dioxide with Efficient Visible Light Photocatalytic Activity

Cited by 275 publications

References 60 publications

Purification of BTEX at Indoor Air Levels Using Carbon and Nitrogen Co-Doped Titania under Different Conditions

Purification of BTEX at Indoor Air Levels Using Carbon and Nitrogen Co-Doped Titania under Different Conditions

Evaluation of microwave plasma oxidation treatments for the fabrication of photoactive un-doped and carbon-doped TiO2 coatings

Effect of TiO2 calcination temperature on the photocatalytic oxidation of gaseous NH3

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