One-step synthesis, characterization and catalytic performance of hierarchical Zn-ZSM-11 via facile ZnO routes

Abstract

Hierarchical Zn-ZSM-11 with an olive-shaped intergrowth morphology was synthesized via a novel and facile one-step hydrothermal method.

Micelle effect on the conversion of microporous to mesoporous molecular sieves and biodiesel synthesis

“…A previously reported TBAB-templated material exhibited a type I isotherm and it was a microporous material. 10,11 But in the current study, the BET curve clarifies the presence of expanded mesopores created in the calcined samples of AlPO 4 and AlSiO 4 through their type IV isotherms. This mesoporosity is verified by the BET and BJH methods.…”

“…The observation inferred from the table is that the pore diameters of AlPO 4 and AlSiO 4 are larger than those of the reported TBAB-templated materials. 10,11 The reported TBAB-templated materials like ZSM-5, ZSM-11, Zeolite-Y, Zeolite-b, AlPO 4 -11 and Me-AlPO [9][10][11] have high surface area but the pore diameter is small (micropore). These materials are synthesized by a hydrothermal method at high temperature and autogenous pressure.…”

“…The TBAB template has so far been used for the synthesis of AlPO 4 -11 by ionothermal method [1], and ZSM-5, 9 ZSM-11 10 and Zn-ZSM-11 by hydrothermal methods. 11 All these synthesis methods require an autoclave with high temperature and pressure conditions and they also produce only microporous materials/mesoporous materials (0-4 nm). Due to the existence and nature of the template and the process of synthesis, the pore's actual size is widened.…”

Effects of zinc incorporation on hierarchical ZSM-11 catalyst for methanol conversion

“…Figure 3 presents the structure of ZSM-11 zeolite, including nanorods, which grafted and aggregated together to form spheroidal particles of approximately 1–2 μm in diameter. The smooth and original spheroidal forms of the crystal surface tended to be oval through direct synthesis, implying that zinc was incorporated in the formation of zeolite and thus affected the morphology [ 11 ].

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“…Hierarchical ZSM-11 zeolite was prepared according to the method described in Refs. [ 10 , 11 ]. In short, the synthesis was as follows: 2.54 g NaOH and 2.26 g Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 ·18H 2 O were dissolved in 20 g H 2 O.…”