Land degradation and soil fertility decline is often cited as a major constraint to crop production in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). As mineral and organic fertilisers are often limited in quantity and quality, soil fertility research has focused on developing integrated management strategies to address soil fertility decline. Soil biotas are an essential component of soil health and constitute a major fraction of global terrestrial biodiversity. Within the context of Integrated Soil Fertility Soils and Food Security rsabook22chapter5.3d 8/8/12 18:40:44