One-year Survival of Extremely Preterm Infants After Active Perinatal Care in Sweden

Lung function after extremely preterm birth—A population‐based cohort study (EXPRESS)

“…The 11-year follow-up of the EPICure study including children surviving birth before 26 weeks of gestation in 1995 found slightly larger reductions in lung function than in our study, showing that FEV 1 was −1.7 z-scores below the mean (using the same GLI-standard as used herein). 12 Cazzato et al 22 included 8½-year-old children born less preterm (gestational age 24-32 weeks) and reported reductions in lung function similar to what we found, z-score −1.13 for FEV 1 . Also in line with our study, Simpson et al showed reductions of −1.06 z-score FEV 1 for the BPD group, which is comparable regarding gestational age to our study.…”

“…1 Small for gestational age (SGA) was defined as a birth weight two standard deviations or more below the mean and appropriate for gestational age (AGA) was defined as birth weight within two standard deviations of the mean according to a Swedish sex and gestational agespecific reference for normal fetal growth. 15 Ninety percent of the infants born preterm suffered from bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in the neonatal period.…”

“…have previously been reported. 1,4,6 All EXPRESS-children in three out of the seven Swedish health care regions (n = 250, 51% of the total cohort) were invited to a followup study on lung function at 6½-years-of-age (±3 months). Exclusion criteria were congenital cardiovascular or pulmonary malformations.…”

Impact of sex on perinatal mortality and morbidity in twins

“…Consequently, we were recently unable to demonstrate sex differences in perinatal mortality and morbidity in a national cohort of extremely preterm infants, including both singletons and multiple pregnancies [12]. However, in moderately preterm infants we found that male sex was a risk factor for neonatal respiratory morbidity [2] and the current population-based data, ranging from 1996 to 2007, also shows that perinatal sex differences in mortality and morbidity among twins is still a matter of concern.…”

Auditory event-related potentials are related to cognition at preschool age after very preterm birth

“…The survival rate of extremely preterm infants (< 28 gestational weeks (GW)) continues to increase, which might be associated with an increased prevalence of neurocognitive abnormalities (14). In preterm infants with birth weights below 1,500 g, AERP development during the first year of life differed from healthy term infants (15).…”