Ongoing issues with the diagnosis of excited delirium

Byard, Roger W.

doi:10.1007/s12024-017-9904-3

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…21 Delirium refers to changes in a person’s psyche, whether from psychiatric illness or psychostimulant abuse, which causes disorientation and powerful hallucinations. 22 Excited delirium leads to aggression, paranoia, increased physical strength, endurance, profuse sweating and a high body temperature. 22 The clinical ‘diagnosis’ of ExDS has been very controversial in situations where highly agitated persons have died suddenly in police custody or while being restrained.…”

Section: Medical Usementioning

confidence: 99%

“…22 Excited delirium leads to aggression, paranoia, increased physical strength, endurance, profuse sweating and a high body temperature. 22 The clinical ‘diagnosis’ of ExDS has been very controversial in situations where highly agitated persons have died suddenly in police custody or while being restrained. A struggling individual with ExDS may suffer lethal positional asphyxia if sublethal physical restraint techniques are applied, or if the universal prone maximal restraint position is used.…”

Section: Medical Usementioning

confidence: 99%

“…A struggling individual with ExDS may suffer lethal positional asphyxia if sublethal physical restraint techniques are applied, or if the universal prone maximal restraint position is used. 22 Alternatively, ExDS may have a 75% fatality rate from hyperthermia, asphyxia or sudden cardiac arrest. 21…”

Section: Medical Usementioning

confidence: 99%

“…24 Cellulitis and abscess formation are the more common peripheral dermatological effects of methamphetamine abuse and are frequently found around injection sites. 22 Dental caries and gingivitis, often referred to as ‘meth mouth’, are also observed in many people who chronically abuse methamphetamine.…”

Section: Medical Usementioning

confidence: 99%

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Methamphetamine deaths: Changing trends and diagnostic issues

et al. 2021

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The term ‘amphetamine’ refers to a class of synthetic drugs which includes methamphetamine. The latter is a globally popular drug of abuse which induces euphoria, affecting cognitive/psychomotor performance and sleep. It also provokes risk taking and violent behaviour. The central effects of methamphetamine are due to the overproduction of neurotransmitters, resulting in high levels of dopamine. In recent years, there have been significant increases in cases of methamphetamine abuse in North and South America, Australia and Asia due to its ready availability and low cost. The following review examines changing trends in methamphetamine use and problems that arise diagnostically in medico-legal cases in determining the significance of post-mortem blood levels, the relationship of these to ante-mortem levels, the possible effects on physical and psychological behaviours and the possible contribution of the drug to a lethal episode.

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Section: Medical Usementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Medical Usementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Medical Usementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Medical Usementioning

confidence: 99%

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Methamphetamine deaths: Changing trends and diagnostic issues

et al. 2021

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“…It is important for the OPM to provide a comprehensive definition of mental health disorders that can be dangerous for PWMI and others (especially when drugs and alcohol are involved), and how police should professionally manage these episodes. However, despite its recent rise in psychiatric and policy discourse, excited delirium is conceptually controversial because it is not recognised in the DSM-IV/DSM-5 or the ICD-10 2 , and has been criticised as a diagnostic cover-up used by police agencies for the use of fatal excessive force (Byard 2018;Lipsedge 2016).…”

Section: Dignity and Respectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Police Responses to Persons with Mental Illness: The Policy and Procedures Manual of One Australian Police Agency and ‘Procedural Justice Policy’

Morgan

2021

Social Sciences

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Persons with mental illness (PWMI) often report negative perceptions of police treatment following receiving criminalising and heavy-handed police responses. To appropriately control officer discretion and to harness ethical, legal, and efficient police practice when encountering vulnerable and diverse individuals, police agencies across the world issue policy documents to their officers. These documents serve as a reflection regarding how police agencies aspire to manage PWMI in the community. Using a procedural justice framework, this research measures how a large police agency in Australia aspires to manage PWMI and whether the police policy document provides sufficient detail in advocating the appropriate and just police treatment of PWMI. A content analysis of the policy document revealed a lack of sufficient procedural guidelines in effectively controlling police officer discretion when encountering PWMI in the community. This article argues that without further consolidation to embed appropriate procedural guidelines into the policy document, the procedural policy gaps may have a negative effect on the experiences of PWMI when encountering the police.

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