Online internal short circuit detection for a large format lithium ion battery

Abstract

Early detection of an internal short circuit (ISC) in lithium ion batteries has become a crucial task for battery management, as ISC is believed to be the root cause of several large format lithium ion battery fire accidents. In this paper, a scheme of on-line detection of ISC is proposed, and the online ISC detection problem is addressed from a model parameterization and parameter estimation perspective. Using a 3D electrochemical-thermal-ISC coupled model, we explore the correlation between the measured voltage, current, and temperature data and the ISC status. It is identified that the abnormal depletion in the state-of-charge (SOC) and excessive heat generation associated with ISC affect the voltage and temperature responses, and that the correlation can be captured by a properly parameterized phenomenological model. The ISC detection is then recast as a parameter estimation problem, for which a model-based estimation algorithm is proposed and evaluated. It is shown that the estimation algorithm can track the parameter variations in real-time, thereby making it feasible to track ISC incubation status or to detect instantaneously triggered ISC. Moreover, it is observed that the recorded temperature profile is not affected by the location where the ISC occurs, due to the oval shape of the temperature distribution caused by anisotropic heat conduction of the battery core. Therefore, the proposed algorithm can detect the ISC, regardless of its physical location within the battery.

Integrated computation model of lithium-ion battery subject to nail penetration

“…LIB safety has become one of the main topics with regard to passenger safety because LIBs are frequently used in vehicles [4,5]. A thermal management system (TEM) is generally used to prevent overheating [6][7][8], but a short circuit may produce a significant amount heat that may cause thermal runaway [9].…”

Detection of Internal Short Circuit in Lithium Ion Battery Using Model-Based Switching Model Method

“…For these reasons, studies to detect the ISCr have been presented [14][15][16][17]. The ISCr can be detected by determining certain thresholds such as reduction of terminal voltage and increase of batteries temperature [14], but to obtain the thresholds, this method requires prior ISCr tests with batteries.…”

“…Using equivalent circuit models of a normal battery and a battery with ISCr as thresholds, characteristic parameters are obtained to detect ISCr in a battery pack [15], but this method can be used only when the battery with ISCr is connected to several normal batteries normal batteries in series, and the terminal voltages of both the battery with ISCr and the normal batteries are provided. The ISCr can be detected by using variation of estimated parameters in the equivalent circuit model and the energy balance equation [16], but this method must be verified with other load current profiles to check whether the estimated parameters show similar variation. When the ISCr occurs in the Li-ion battery, the terminal voltage increases once the battery is recharged, but the voltage reaches a stable value [18]; can be calculated using the charging current and the terminal voltage.…”

“…The ISCr can be detected by determining certain thresholds such as reduction of terminal voltage and increase of batteries temperature [14], but to obtain the thresholds, this method requires prior ISCr tests with batteries. Therefore, model-based algorithms have been presented to detect the ISCr by identifying variations of parameters in the model [15,16]. Using equivalent circuit models of a normal battery and a battery with ISCr as thresholds, characteristic parameters are obtained to detect ISCr in a battery pack [15], but this method can be used only when the battery with ISCr is connected to several normal batteries normal batteries in series, and the terminal voltages of both the battery with ISCr and the normal batteries are provided.…”

Computational model of 18650 lithium-ion battery with coupled strain rate and SOC dependencies

“…Ruling out the structural effects makes obtaining the material parameters of cathode and anode by tension and compression tests through staking up layers of the material rather straightforward [16,17]. The separator plays an important role in possible internal short-circuit and long-term electrochemical degradation [19][20][21][22][23]. Numerous efforts have been exerted to study the mechanical properties of the separator through carefully designed tension, compression tests with the possible large deformation, and highly anisotropic and obvious viscoelasticity exhibited during experiments [22,[24][25][26].…”