“…In recent work, since an ontology is a formal, explicit specification of a shared conceptualization for a domain of interest, it has been applied to various clustering methods for improving their performance [3,4,7,9,11,14,24,48,57,68]. As a comprehensive semantic lexical ontology for the English language, WordNet [39] has been widely used for document clustering [13,16,17,22,23,25,26,40,50,54,55].…”