Oocytes use the plasminogen-plasmin system to remove supernumerary spermatozoa

Coy, Pilar; Jiménez-Movilla, María; García–Vázquez, Francisco Alberto; Mondéjar, Irene; Grullón, Luis Alberto; Romar, Raquel

doi:10.1093/humrep/des146

Cited by 41 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…One interesting example is plasminogen, the enzymatically inactive precursor of plasmin, which has been identified in the oviductal fluid and demonstrated to bind oocytes at ZP and oolemma level (56). Upon sperm contact with the oocyte, plasminogen activators triggering the conversion of plasminogen into plasmin are released, the protease thereby causing sperm detachment from the ZP and helping regulate sperm penetration in the oocyte (57). In our study, plasminogen shows specificity for Sia glycotopes, hence binds sperm and may further interact with ZP Sia residues (58) during gamete interaction, thus contributing to plasminogen/plasmin system activation and regulation of the fertilization outcome.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Bovine Sperm Surface Proteins Involved in Carbohydrate-mediated Fertilization Interactions

Defaus

Sánchez

Andreu

et al. 2016

Molecular & Cellular Proteomics

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Glycan-protein interactions play a key role in mammalian fertilization, but data on the composition and identities of protein complexes involved in fertilization events are scarce, with the added complication that the glycans in such interactions tend to differ among species. In this study we have used a bovine model to detect, characterize and identify sperm lectins relevant in fertilization. Given the complexity of the sperm-toward-egg journey, two important aspects of the process, both primarily mediated by protein-sugar interactions, have been addressed: (1) formation of the sperm reservoir in the oviductal epithelium, and (2) gamete recognition (oocytesperm interaction). Using whole sperm cells and a novel affinity capture method, several groups of proteins with different glycan specificities, including 58 hitherto unreported as lectins, have been identified in sperm surface, underscoring both the efficacy of our selective approach and the complex composition and function of sperm. Based on these results and previous data, we suggest that sperm surface proteins play significant roles in fertilization events such as membrane remodeling, transport, protection and function, thus supporting the hypothesis that rather than a simple lock-and-key model, mammalian fertilization relies on a complex interactome involving multiple ligands/receptors and recognition/binding events. Molecular & Cellular

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Bovine Sperm Surface Proteins Involved in Carbohydrate-mediated Fertilization Interactions

Defaus

Sánchez

Andreu

et al. 2016

Molecular & Cellular Proteomics

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“…The COCs were then washed twice in TCM-199 with Hank salts, 10.0 mmol/L (2-Hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid, 2% fetal bovine serum, 2.0 mmol/L glutamine, 50 U/mL penicillin, and 50 mg/mL streptomycin, and once in maturation medium previously equilibrated for a minimum of 3 hours at 38. 5 C under 5% carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) in air. Groups of 35 to 45 COCs were cultured in 500 mL maturation medium for 24 hours at 38.…”

Section: Collection Of Oocytes and In Vitro Maturationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Groups of 35 to 45 COCs were cultured in 500 mL maturation medium for 24 hours at 38. 5 C under 5% CO 2 in air.…”

Section: Collection Of Oocytes and In Vitro Maturationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The COCs were collected from follicles (3-6 mm diameter), washed twice with Dulbecco phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) supplemented with 1 mg/mL polyvinyl alcohol and 0.005 mg/mL red phenol, and twice more in maturation medium previously equilibrated for a minimum of 3 hours at 38. 5 C under 5% CO 2 in air. Only COCs with complete and dense cumulus oophorus were used for the experiments.…”

Section: Collection Of Oocytes and In Vitro Maturationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Groups of 35 to 45 COCs were cultured in 500 mL maturation medium for 22 hours at 38. 5 C under 5% CO 2 in air. After culture, the COCs were washed twice in fresh maturation medium without dibutyryl cyclic adenosisne monophosphate, eCG, and human chorionic gonadotropin and cultured for an additional 20 to 22 hours.…”

Section: Collection Of Oocytes and In Vitro Maturationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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How Is Plasminogen/Plasmin System Contributing to Regulate Sperm Entry Into the Oocyte?

et al. 2013

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Plasminogen is present in the oviduct, on the zona pellucida (ZP) and on oolemma, and reduces the number of sperm penetrating the oocyte during in vitro fertilization in pig and cow. It is unknown how this reduction occurs. We tested whether plasminogen (1) changed the ZP resistance to enzymatic digestion thus making the passage of the spermatozoa across it difficult; (2) reduced the sperm functionality, assessed by sperm viability, motility, spontaneous acrosome reaction and membrane lipid disorder; or (3) affected the sperm-ZP binding before or after sperm-ZP interaction. The mechanism by which plasminogen/plasmin system contributes to regulate sperm entry into the oocyte is not inducing a ZP hardening or a decrease in sperm functionality but detaching more than 50% of sperm bound to the ZP. It is suggested that the fertilizing spermatozoon activates plasminogen into plasmin at the oocyte surface and that plasmin removes additional spermatozoa attached to the ZP.

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Preventing polyspermy in mammalian eggs—Contributions of the membrane block and other mechanisms

Evans

2020

Molecular Reproduction Devel

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The egg's blocks to polyspermy (fertilization of an egg by more than one sperm) were originally identified in marine and aquatic species with external fertilization, but polyspermy matters in mammalian reproduction too. Embryonic triploidy is a noteworthy event associated with pregnancy complications and loss. Polyspermy is a major cause of triploidy with up to 80% of triploid conceptuses being the result of dispermic fertilization. The mammalian female reproductive tract regulates the number of sperm that reach the site of fertilization, but mammals also utilize egg-based blocks to polyspermy. The egg-based blocks occur on the mammalian egg coat (the zona pellucida) and the egg plasma membrane, with apparent variation between different mammalian species regarding the extent to which one or both are used. The zona pellucida block to polyspermy has some similarities to the slow block in water-dwelling species, but the mammalian membrane block to polyspermy differs substantially from the fast electrical block that has been characterized in marine and aquatic species. This review discusses what is known about the incidence of polyspermy in mammals and about the mammalian membrane block to polyspermy, as well as notes some lesser-characterized potential mechanisms contributing to polyspermy prevention in mammals. K E Y W O R D S embryo, fertilization, oocyte, plasma membrane, polyspermy How to cite this article: Evans JP. Preventing polyspermy in mammalian eggs-Contributions of the membrane block and other mechanisms.

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Oocytes use the plasminogen-plasmin system to remove supernumerary spermatozoa

Cited by 41 publications

References 36 publications

Identification of Bovine Sperm Surface Proteins Involved in Carbohydrate-mediated Fertilization Interactions

Identification of Bovine Sperm Surface Proteins Involved in Carbohydrate-mediated Fertilization Interactions

How Is Plasminogen/Plasmin System Contributing to Regulate Sperm Entry Into the Oocyte?

Preventing polyspermy in mammalian eggs—Contributions of the membrane block and other mechanisms

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