“…13 One quarter of the patients in Aristotle (Apixaban versus Warfarin in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation Trial) 14 had moderate or severe valve disease (most often mitral regurgitation). A German series 15 that was presented at the 11th International Congress of Update in Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery (2015) had 55 ACHD patients on NOACs, half of whom had greatly complex cases (3 with anatomy that suggested Fontan circulation). In only 1 patient was the NOAC discontinued for bleeding associated with muscular rupture.…”