Operating problems in anaerobic digestion plants resulting from nitrogen in MSW

Fricke, Klaus; Santen, Heike; Wallmann, Rainer; Hüttner, Axel; Dichtl, Norbert

doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2006.03.003

Cited by 144 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The aqueous phase contained 45 wt.% of the algae feedstock, much of it organic carbon, but had 19,400 mg/L total nitrogen (TN) and a C/N ratio of 2. Since C/N should be 20 to 30 for successful AD (Fricke et al 2007) and since methanogenic activity ceased at 6,000 mg NH 4 -N/L (Sawayama et al 2004), the nitrogen level is too high for Dun-Dunaliella; Chl-Chlorella; Des-Desmodesmus; Nan-Nannochloropsis; Por-Porphyridium; Sce-Scenedesmus; Spr-Spirulina. By difference after assaying aqueous dissolved solids by evaporation and filtration.…”

Section: Hydrothermal Liquefaction Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life cycle comparison of hydrothermal liquefaction and lipid extraction pathways to renewable diesel from algae

Frank

Elgowainy

Han

et al. 2012

Mitig Adapt Strateg Glob Change

192

151

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Algae biomass is an attractive biofuel feedstock when grown with high productivity on marginal land. Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) produces more oil from algae than lipid extraction (LE) does because protein and carbohydrates are converted, in part, to oil. Since nitrogen in the algae biomass is incorporated into the HTL oil, and since lipid extracted algae for generating heat and electricity are not co-produced by HTL, there are questions regarding implications for emissions and energy use. We studied the HTL and LE pathways for renewable diesel (RD) production by modeling all essential operations from nutrient manufacturing through fuel use. Our objective was to identify the key relationships affecting HTL energy consumption and emissions. LE, with identical upstream growth model and consistent hydroprocessing model, served as reference. HTL used 1.8 fold less algae than did LE but required 5.2 times more ammonia when nitrogen incorporated in the HTL oil was treated as lost. HTL RD had life cycle emissions of 31,000 gCO 2 equivalent (gCO 2 e) compared to 21,500 gCO 2 e for LE based RD per million BTU of RD produced. Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions increased when yields exceeded 0.4 g HTL oil/g algae because insufficient carbon was left for biogas generation. Key variables in the analysis were the HTL oil yield, the hydrogen demand during upgrading, and the nitrogen content of the HTL oil. Future work requires better data for upgrading renewable oils to RD and requires consideration of nitrogen recycling during upgrading.

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Section: Hydrothermal Liquefaction Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life cycle comparison of hydrothermal liquefaction and lipid extraction pathways to renewable diesel from algae

Frank

Elgowainy

Han

et al. 2012

Mitig Adapt Strateg Glob Change

192

151

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Digester failure due to ammonia inhibition is usually a result of the accumulation of volatile fatty acids (VFA) to a point where the buffering capacity of the digester is broken and the pH falls to <6 with a corresponding loss of methane production and a reduction in the methane content of any biogas produced (Abouelenien et al, 2014;Fricke et al, 2007). Using CM as the sole feedstock will in most cases result in digester failure as concentrations of TAN and free ammonia (FA) exceed values that can be tolerated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biogas production from undiluted chicken manure and maize silage: A study of ammonia inhibition in high solids anaerobic digestion

Sun

Cao

Banks

et al. 2016

Bioresource Technology

156

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The feasibility of co-digestion of chicken manure (CM) and maize silage (MS) without water dilution was investigated in 5-L digesters. Specific methane production (SMP) of 0.309 L CH 4 g -1 volatile solids (VS) was achieved but only at lower %CM. Above a critical threshold for total ammonia nitrogen (TAN), estimated at 7 g N L -1 , VFA accumulated with a characteristic increase in acetic acid followed by its reduction and an increase in propionic Methanogenesis was completely inhibited at TAN of 9 g N L -1 . The low digestibility of the mixed feedstock led to a rise in digestate TS and a reduction in SMP over the 297-day experimental period. Methanogenesis appeared to be failing in one digester but was recovered by reducing the %CM. Co-digestion was feasible with CM ≤20% of feedstock VS, and the main limiting factor was ammonia inhibition.

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“…), or alternatively for developing energy crops on brownfield/marginal land and sports turf 5 production (WRAP, 2013). This is mainly due to its two attributes -one, for providing a low carbon 6 substitute for fossil fertilisers (Chambers and Taylor, 2013;WRAP, 2011); two, for restoring soil organic 7 matter and for closed-loop nutrient recycling, especially mineral nitrogen (Fricke et al, 2007;8 Karagiannidis and Perkoulidis, 2009;Möller and Stinner, 2009). Consequently, digestate field application 9 has been identified as a sustainable practice in terms of meeting the EU standards for good agricultural 10 and environmental condition (GAEC) (RPA /Defra, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment and mitigation of the environmental burdens to air from land applied food-based digestate

Tiwary

Williams

Pant

et al. 2015

Environmental Pollution

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Highlights:· In situ air pollution assessment of land applied digestate is performed. · Environmental burden minimisation scenarios for digestate bio fertiliser presented. · Food-based digestate show high ammonia volatilisation potential. · Soil incorporated digestate effectively reduces NH 3 but elevates N 2 O emissions. · Managing digestate emissions mitigate both climate change and air pollution. Abstract (limit 150 words only)Anaerobic digestion (AD) of putrescible urban waste for energy recovery has seen rapid growth over recent years. In order to ascertain its systems scale sustainability, however, determination of the environmental fate of the large volume of digestate generated during the process is indispensable. This paper evaluates the environmental burdens to air associated with land applied food-based digestate in terms of primary pollutants (ammonia, nitrogen dioxide) and greenhouse gases (methane and nitrous oxide). The assessments have been made in two stages -first, the emissions from surface application of food-based digestate are quantified for the business as usual (BAU). In the next step, environmental burden minimisation potentials for the following three mitigation measures are estimated -mixed waste digestate (MWD), soil-incorporated digestate (SID), and post-methanated digestate (PMD). Overall, the mitigation scenarios demonstrated considerable NH 3 , CH 4 and N 2 O burden minimisation potentials, with positive implications for both climate change and urban pollution. Keywords: anaerobic digestion; bio fertilizer; digestate; environmental burdens; OFMSWCapsule abstract: In situ monitoring and analyses demonstrate the role of post-processing in greenhouse gases and air pollution mitigation from food-based digestate use as bio fertiliser. Highlights:· In situ air pollution assessment of land applied digestate is performed. · Environmental burden minimisation scenarios for digestate bio fertiliser presented. · Food-based digestate show high ammonia volatilisation potential. · Soil incorporated digestate effectively reduces NH 3 but elevates N 2 O emissions. · Managing digestate emissions mitigate both climate change and air pollution.3

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Operating problems in anaerobic digestion plants resulting from nitrogen in MSW

Cited by 144 publications

References 2 publications

Life cycle comparison of hydrothermal liquefaction and lipid extraction pathways to renewable diesel from algae

Life cycle comparison of hydrothermal liquefaction and lipid extraction pathways to renewable diesel from algae

Biogas production from undiluted chicken manure and maize silage: A study of ammonia inhibition in high solids anaerobic digestion

Assessment and mitigation of the environmental burdens to air from land applied food-based digestate

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