Operating Quantum States in Single Magnetic Molecules: Implementation of Grover’s Quantum Algorithm

Godfrin, C.; Ferhat, Abdelkarim; Ballou, R.; Klyatskaya, Svetlana; Rüben, Mario; Wernsdorfer, Wolfgang; Balestro, Franck

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.119.187702

Cited by 315 publications

(289 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…An important example is Grover's search algorithm [31,32]. Versions of this have been implemented using an optical field as a qudit with d=4 [33], atoms with d=8 [34] and a single nuclear spin with d=4 [35].…”

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confidence: 99%

Ultracold polar molecules as qudits

et al. 2020

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We discuss how the internal structure of ultracold molecules, trapped in the motional ground state of optical tweezers, can be used to implement qudits. We explore the rotational, fine and hyperfine structure of 40 Ca 19 F and 87 Rb 133 Cs, which are examples of molecules with 2 Σ and 1 Σ electronic ground states, respectively. In each case we identify a subset of levels within a single rotational manifold suitable to implement a four-level qudit. Quantum gates can be implemented using two-photon microwave transitions via levels in a neighboring rotational manifold. We discuss limitations to the usefulness of molecular qudits, arising from off-resonant excitation and decoherence. As an example, we present a protocol for using a molecular qudit of dimension d=4 to perform the Deutsch algorithm.

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confidence: 99%

Ultracold polar molecules as qudits

et al. 2020

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“…This is in perfect quantitative agreement with theoretical predictions. [28,31] Hahn spin-echo experiments yielded a T 2 ≈ 1.2 ms. The experiment is found to be in good agreement with quantum Monte Carlo simulations, suggesting that the relaxation times are limited by the current traversing the transistor.…”

Section: Molecular Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The experiment is found to be in good agreement with quantum Monte Carlo simulations, suggesting that the relaxation times are limited by the current traversing the transistor. [31,32] Most recently, Grover quantum search algorithm was implemented into a single molecule transistor featuring a 159 TbPc 2 qudit (Figure 4). The device detects the four different nuclear spin states of the Tb(III) ion with high fidelities of 95%.…”

Section: Molecular Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result, the electrical read-out of time-trajectories obtained from the isolated nuclear spin I = 3/2 was reported. [31] Grover's quantum algorithm, proposed first by Lov Grover in 1996, a scientist at Bell Labs, is intended to find an element in an unsorted list or large data base with N entries in O(N 1/2 ) time and using O(logN) storage space (with O being any kind of observable and N the number of entries). [27] Ramsey experiments allow the extraction of Figure) is contacted at each end by nonmagnetic electrodes (gold color).…”

Section: Molecular Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Panels b and c reproduced with permission [31]. c) Experimental data showing the evolution of the population in function of the Hadamard gate pulse length, while (d) represents the controlled decoherence of the Hadamard gate resulting in the respectively researched nuclear spin state (here black |I = -3/2〉).…”

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Synthetic Hilbert Space Engineering of Molecular Qudits: Isotopologue Chemistry

Wernsdorfer

Rüben

2019

Advanced Materials

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One of the most ambitious technological goals is the development of devices working under the laws of quantum mechanics. Among others, an important challenge to be resolved on the way to such breakthrough technology concerns the scalability of the available Hilbert space. Recently, proof‐of‐principle experiments were reported, in which the implementation of quantum algorithms (the Grover's search algorithm, iSWAP‐gate, etc.) in a single‐molecule nuclear spin qudit (with d = 4) known as 159TbPc2 was described, where the nuclear spins of lanthanides are used as a quantum register to execute simple quantum algorithms. In this progress report, the goal of linear and exponential up‐scalability of the available Hilbert space expressed by the qudit‐dimension “d” is addressed by synthesizing lanthanide metal complexes as quantum computing hardware. The synthesis of multinuclear large‐Hilbert‐space complexes has to be carried out under strict control of the nuclear spin degree of freedom leading to isotopologues, whereby electronic coupling between several nuclear spin units will exponentially extend the Hilbert space available for quantum information processing. Thus, improved multilevel spin qudits can be achieved that exhibit an exponentially scalable Hilbert space to enable high‐performance quantum computing and information storage.

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Encyclopedia of Inorganic and Bioinorganic Chemistry

Giansiracusa

Gransbury²,

Chilton

et al. 2011

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Single-Molecule Magnets (SMMs) are finite molecular species that display slow relaxation of their magnetisation, equivalent to a magnetic memory effect. Here we give an overview of how SMM behaviour can arise from the spin properties of a giant molecular spin or unpaired electrons on a single metal centre. We outline the criteria for obtaining SMM properties, and how these have developed through theoretical insight to lead to the rapid advancement of SMM performance. We discuss the progression of the field from the original Mn12 polymetallic cluster, to carefully engineered coordination complexes of Ln ions. Classes of compounds discussed include 3d, 3d-4f and 4f polymetallic clusters, 3d and 4f monometallic complexes, and homo-and hetero-metallic exchange-coupled SMMs, including those bridged by radical ligands and/or encapsulated in endohedral fullerenes. The state-ofthe-art in SMMs is discussed, leaving the reader with an up-to-date understanding of theory and synthetic design, with references to comprehensive reviews.For readers new or returning to the area, we highlight the standard experiments used to characterise SMMs -including magnetic hysteresis, zero-field cooled/field cooled magnetic susceptibility, alternating current susceptibility and magnetisation decay measurements. We highlight the common pitfalls often encountered in the literature in measurements, data analysis and structural correlation of properties. We aim to provide a clear background for relaxation mechanisms in SMMs and the quantification of performance using energy barriers, blocking temperatures and relaxation rate. The reader is directed towards a series of proof-ofconcept publications which have spearheaded the implementation of SMMs towards future applications in high density data storage, quantum information processing and spintronics.

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Operating Quantum States in Single Magnetic Molecules: Implementation of Grover’s Quantum Algorithm

Cited by 315 publications

References 33 publications

Ultracold polar molecules as qudits

Ultracold polar molecules as qudits

Synthetic Hilbert Space Engineering of Molecular Qudits: Isotopologue Chemistry

Encyclopedia of Inorganic and Bioinorganic Chemistry

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