Operation Optimization of Multi-District Integrated Energy System Considering Flexible Demand Response of Electric and Thermal Loads

Abstract

Multi-district integrated energy system (IES) can make full use of the complementary characteristics of district power and thermal system, and loads in different districts. It can improve the flexibility and economy of system operation, which has a good development prospect. Firstly, based on the general energy transfer model of the district heating network (DHN), the DHN system is described by the basic equations of the heating network and nodes considering the characteristics of the transmission time delay and heat loss in pipelines. A coupling model of DHN and multi-district IES is established. Secondly, the flexible demand response (FDR) model of electric and thermal loads is established. The load characteristics of each district in IES are studied. A shiftable load model based on the electric quantity balance is constructed. Considering the flexibility of the heat demand, a thermal load adjustment model based on the comfort constraint is constructed to make the thermal load elastic and controllable in time and space. Finally, a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model for operation optimization of multi-district IES with the DHN considering the FDR of electric and thermal loads is established based on the supply and demand sides. The result shows that the proposed model makes full use of the complementary characteristics of electric and thermal loads in different districts. It realizes the coordinated distribution of thermal energy among different districts and improves the efficiency of thermal energy utilization through the DHN. FDR effectively reduces the peak-valley difference of loads. It further reduces the total operating cost by the coordinated operation of the DHN and multi-district IES.

Joint Optimization of Planning and Operation in Multi-Region Integrated Energy Systems Considering Flexible Demand Response

“…4 shows the connections between each equipment and buses, the energy conversion processes, and the conversion formula between different media. The model is described in detail in [19].…”

“…The operation and maintenance costs are calculated as: In addition, the operation and maintenance costs of the HN are mainly the electricity costs of circulating water pumps in the pipeline network, which is estimated by the ratio of electricity consumption to transfer heat quantity [19].…”

“…As an important flexible resource in electricity market, DR load can effectively improve the load demand distribution and optimize resource allocation. Exploitation of the DR resources potential enables operators to further improve the economic competitiveness and the flexibility of supply and demand for system planning and operation in MRIES [19][20]. The probability scenario has been adopted for uncertainty modelling of distributed renewable energy and loads in [20].…”

Demand Response Programs in Multi-Energy Systems: A Review

“…In this work, it is possible to determine the decision variables within the bounds of the constraints after some It has to be noted that most of the models dealing with DR in the EH are proposed using the first method, i.e., energy flow. For instance, in [40], the authors proposed an MES through the energy flow method that consists of boilers (including heat recovery, gas and electric), a heat exchange device, an absorption chiller, an electric heat pump, energy storage (both electric and heat energy), and generation technologies (including micro gas turbine, wind turbine, and photovoltaic units). In this work, flexible DR for the electrical and heating loads are implemented.…”