Ophthalmic Toxicology

Abstract

Ophthalmic toxicology is a specialist area that deals with potentially adverse effects on the eye from chemicals and their metabolites, reaching the eye by local contact and from the systemic circulation, and also covers the effects that may be produced systemically by chemicals that have been absorbed into the circulation following topical contact with the eye. This chapter reviews, with illustrative examples, all these aspects of ophthalmic toxicology, with particular reference to causation, mechanisms of production of lesions, relevant in vivo and in vitro laboratory testing procedures, the significance and clinical relevance of the observed effects. Site‐specific lesions and functional disturbances in the eye that are discussed in detail are those to the cornea, iris, ciliary body, aqueous humour production, the lens, retina, optic nerve and extraocular muscles. Systemic effects following topical contamination of the eye are discussed particularly for chemicals and drugs, and discussed in terms of the sites of absorption.

Toxicologic Pathology Study of uranyl acetate by oral intubation on Sprague – Dawelly Rats.

“…Other investigation reported that the radioactive minerals, their target organs for toxicological pathology was the kidney, before urinary bladder or ureter. (20) The results of present work also agree with the results published befor (21) as they reported that the U chemical toxicity over showed any associated radiation hazard as they stressed that after parenteral administration, U accumulates in the renal cortex and is excreted via the kidney and that acute or in tense exposure may cause nephrotoxic lobular lesions which may present either with acute renal failure or as specific abnormalities of tubular function with impairment of renal concentrating ability and acid excretion with possibility of chronic renal exposure in man with prolonged high dosage in animals as led granular contracted kidneys with cortical narrowing. In conclusion the heavy metal such as U showed a toxicological pathology effect and considered as the main cause of death in sever morbid cases.…”