OPM & color petri nets based executable system of systems architecting: A building block in FILA-SoS

Abstract

The ability to coordinate intricate operations in both intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR) as well as search and rescue (SAR) operations is a complex issue. Such operations can be described as a System-of-Systems (SoS). Both object process methodology (OPM) and color petri nets (CPN)can be used to create executable architecture models for an SoS.The modeling approach proposed in this study can capture the interactions that occur between either collaborating systems or components. It can also be used to analyze the behavioral aspects of an SoS. OPM models are easy to understand, giving stakeholders the ability to envision architecture's quality and scale. In contrast, the simulation capabilities of CPN can be used for accurate performance assessment. The proposed modelling approach facilitates decision making by providing a better estimation and confidence of the SoS's performance.Development of an executable architecture for an SoS will be of importance to policy makers by discerning, exploring, and adjusting stakeholder's firmly held beliefs, finding new ways for systems to work together, learning more cost effective SoS arrangements and aid in negotiations with component systems to build an SoS.

A Systematic Mapping on Executable Models for the Architectural Design of Systems-of-Systems

“…(s1) [Teixeira et al 2020], (s2) [Binder et al 2019], (s3) [Manzano et al 2019], (s4) [Beery et al 2019], (s5) [Graciano Neto et al 2018b], (s6) [Zhang et al 2018], (s7) [Graciano Neto et al 2018a], (s8) [Zhuang et al 2018], (s9) [Esmaeilzadeh et al 2018], (s10) [Dahmann et al 2017], (s11) [Graciano Neto et al 2017], (s12) [Silva et al 2017], (s13) [Hachem et al 2016], (s14) [Oquendo et al 2016], (s15) [Li et al 2013], (s16) [Yousefi and Levis 2016], (s17) [Arnold et al 2016], (s18) [Spichkova et al 2015], (s19) [Li et al 2016b], (s20) [Wang et al 2015], (s21) [Cavalcante 2015], (s22) [Wätzoldt and Giese 2015], (s23) [Perišić et al 2015], (s24) [Hu et al 2014], (s25) [Hsu et al 2014], (s26) [Rieckmann et al 2013], (s27) [Ge et al 2013], (s28) [Li et al 2013], (s29) [Ludwig et al 2011], (s30) [Wang and Dagli 2011], (s31) [Xiong et al 2010], (s32) [Garcia and Tolk 2010], (s33) [Sindiy et al 2009], (s34) [Robbins 2009], (s35) [Rao et al 2008]. We answer the raised research questions, as follows.…”

“…RQ1 -What research treads can be observed over the years? Interestingly, even after the rise of automatic transformation approaches, it is still possible to identify studies that manually synthesize the architecture proposal into ExM [Beery et al 2019, Esmaeilzadeh et al 2018, Hsu et al 2014, Teixeira et al 2020, Wang et al 2015, Yousefi and Levis 2016. No convergence in the community towards a common technology or tool was observed.…”

“…Architectural evaluation and synthesis was explored in (24/35) studies [Arnold et al 2016, Beery et al 2019, Dahmann et al 2017, Esmaeilzadeh et al 2018, Garcia and Tolk 2010, Graciano Neto et al 2018a, Graciano Neto et al 2018b, Hu et al 2014, Li et al 2013, Li et al 2016a, Ludwig et al 2011, Manzano et al 2019, Oquendo et al 2016, Rao et al 2008, Rieckmann et al 2013, Robbins 2009, Sindiy et al 2009, Teixeira et al 2020, Wang et al 2015, Wang and Dagli 2011, Xiong et al 2010, Yousefi and Levis 2016, Zhang et al 2018, Zhuang et al 2018. Several studies presented new methods to perform architectural design using ExM via synthesis of the architecture using model transformation from static notations such as UML, SysML SoaML and DoDAF to ExM notations in an automatically or manually approach.…”

“…DEVS is a state machine based formalism for analysing systems. CPN ML was the second most used ExM formalism (5/35) [Ge et al 2013, Rao et al 2008, Wang et al 2015, Wang and Dagli 2011, Yousefi and Levis 2016. CPN ML is a extension to petri nets that allows the distinction of tokens [Jensen 1997].…”

“…al. 2018, Garcia and Tolk 2010, Ge et al 2013, Graciano Neto et al 2017, Hachem et al 2016, Hsu et al 2014, Hu et al 2014, Manzano et al 2019, Oquendo et al 2016, Perišić et al 2015, Robbins 2009, Silva et al 2017, Sindiy et al 2009, Wang et al 2015, Wang and Dagli 2011. Quality Attribute Analysis was also highly explored (10/35)[Hu et al 2014, Perišić et al 2015, Rieckmann et al 2013, Sindiy et al 2009, Spichkova et al 2015, Wang et al 2015, Wang and Dagli 2011, Xiong et al 2010, Zhang et al 2018, Zhuang et al 2018].…”