Opportunities and Challenges for Ecological Restoration within REDD+

Alexander, Sasha; Nelson, Cara R.; Aronson, James; Lamb, David; Cliquet, An; Erwin, Kevin L.; Finlayson, C. Max; Groot, R.S. de; Harris, J. Arthur; Higgs, Eric; Hobbs, Richard J.; Lewis, Roy R.; Martinez, Dennis; Murcia, Carolina

doi:10.1111/j.1526-100x.2011.00822.x

Cited by 132 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Neither of these safeguards is achieved by conventional plantations of fastgrowing tree species (Alexander et al, 2011). Consequently, "ecological restoration" (Lamb, 2015) must be carried out to recreate structurally complex and biodiversity-rich forests, to meet both these safeguards.…”

Section: Developed Under the Un Framework Convention On Climate Changmentioning

confidence: 99%

Above-Ground Carbon Sequestration during Restoration of Upland Evergreen Forest in Northern Thailand

Jantawong¹,

Elliott²,

Wangpakapattanawong³

2017

OJF

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Tropical deforestation reduces the global terrestrial carbon sink and substantially contributes towards global climate change. Conversely, tropical forest restoration could help to mitigate the problem, but few measurements of how much carbon can be absorbed by forest restoration have been published. Therefore, this study used a partial harvesting method to compare carbon sequestration among 11 framework tree species (selected to accelerate forest regeneration by suppressing weeds and attracting seed dispersers), in a restoration trial in northern Thailand. The goal was to enable restoration practitioners to factor in carbon sequestration, when selecting tree species to plant. Above-ground carbon sequestration was derived from wood density, tree volume and above-ground biomass of 3 trees of each of 12 tree species, in 5, 10 and 14-year old restoration plots (RF5, RF10 and RF14, respectively). Wood density did not vary significantly with tree age (p ≤ 0.05), but it did differ significantly among tree species (p ≤ 0.05). Gmelina arborea wood was the densest (0.57 ± 0.10 g/cm 3 ). Carbon concentration of stem wood did not vary significantly among tree species or age (p ≤ 0.05), averaging 44.67% (±0.54). Tree volume varied among the species in the youngest plot, but such variation declined with tree age. In the oldest plot (RF14), Erythrina subumbrans and Spondias axillaris grew significantly larger than the other species and sequestered the most above-ground carbon: 135.23 and 115.87 kgC/tree respectively. Bischofia javanica sequestered the least, only 9.80 kgC/tree. An even framework species mix would sequester 13.2, 44.3 and 105.8 tC/ha, 5, 10 and 14 years respectively after planting and would achieve carbon storage levels similar to those of nearby natural forest in 16 -17 years. The framework species method is therefore capable of rapidly accumulating carbon, a property which, How to cite this paper: Jantawong, K., Elliott, S., & Wangpakapattanawong, P. 158along with its acceleration of biodiversity recovery and provision of a wide range of forest products and ecological services to local people, meets both the requirements and safeguards of REDD+ projects.

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Section: Developed Under the Un Framework Convention On Climate Changmentioning

confidence: 99%

Above-Ground Carbon Sequestration during Restoration of Upland Evergreen Forest in Northern Thailand

Jantawong¹,

Elliott²,

Wangpakapattanawong³

2017

OJF

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“…These include guidance provided for wetland inventory (Tomas Vives 1996;Finlayson et al 2002;Rosenqvist et al 2007;MacKay et al 2009), monitoring (Finlayson 1996b;Finlayson and Mitchell 1999) and assessment (van Dam et al 1999;Anon. 2006;Stratford et al 2011), hydrology and environmental flows (Acreman 2012;Adams 2012), water quality (Verhoeven 2014), ecosystem services (de Groot et al 2006;Kumar et al 2011) and restoration (Erwin 2009;Alexander et al 2011;Alexander and McInnes 2012). Further, guidance for developing pictorial conceptual models of wetlands (Department of Environment and Heritage Protection 2012) could assist with incorporating information from palaeoecology into descriptions of the ecological character of wetlands.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding change in the ecological character of Ramsar wetlands: perspectives from a deeper time – synthesis

Gell

Finlayson

Davidson

2016

Mar. Freshwater Res.

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Abstract. The Convention for Wetlands was signed in 1971 as part of a global measure to mitigate the loss and degradation of the world's wetlands. Signatory nations nominate wetlands as internationally important and commit to maintaining their 'ecological character'. In many cases the character that has been maintained was that occurring at the time of nomination with scant attention to the variability and change that occurs over longer periods. Palaeoclimate and palaeoecological research now reveals a diverse array of conditions in wetlands in the past and attests that any recently identified condition may be transient. The research further reveals the considerable magnitude and antiquity of the impact of people on wetlands. Hence the site description used by wetland managers would benefit from the provision of a longerterm perspective of change. The changing state of wetlands provides a dilemma for wetland managers. In response, a workshop on understanding change in wetlands was held in Queenscliff, Australia, in November 2013 to draw together perspectives of change from neo-and palaeoecological sources to enable the formulation of new pathways of assessment to better accommodate the dynamic nature of wetlands. A synthesis of the information provided at the workshop is provided in this paper.

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“…Previous analyses have underscored the potential for forest restoration to enhance the delivery of environmental services for global and local benefits [28]. In the context of positive incentives through conditional payments, two papers shed relevant information on this topic.…”

Section: The Contents Of the Special Issuementioning

confidence: 99%

Current Challenges and Perspectives for Governing Forest Restoration

Guariguata

Brancalion

2014

Forests

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Negotiation, reconciliation of multiple scales through both ecological and social dimensions and minimization of power imbalances are considered critical challenges to overcome for effective governance of forest restoration. Finding the right mix of "command and control" in forest restoration vs. "environmental governance", which includes non-state actors, regulatory flexibility, and market based instruments is at the heart of these challenges. This Special Issue attempts at shedding light on these challenges with case studies from South and Central America, Africa, and Asia. Some provide within-country as well as cross-country comparisons. A few others present case studies at the household level. Both policy and legal constraints towards implementing forest restoration are also discussed as a function of top down vs. bottom up approaches. The effectiveness of payments for environmental services is examined as catalyzers of forest restoration initiatives. Finally, two papers deal with the legal and policy constraints in making restoration through natural regeneration a viable and cost-effective tool. In the face of renewed perspectives for expanding forest restoration programs globally, governance issues will likely play a key role in eventually determining success. As many of the papers in this Special Issue suggest, the fate of forest restoration outcomes is, more often than not, associated with overall governance challenges, some of which are often overlooked particularly across multiple scales. OPEN ACCESSForests 2014, 5 3023

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Opportunities and Challenges for Ecological Restoration within REDD+

Cited by 132 publications

References 16 publications

Above-Ground Carbon Sequestration during Restoration of Upland Evergreen Forest in Northern Thailand

Above-Ground Carbon Sequestration during Restoration of Upland Evergreen Forest in Northern Thailand

Understanding change in the ecological character of Ramsar wetlands: perspectives from a deeper time – synthesis

Current Challenges and Perspectives for Governing Forest Restoration

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