Opportunities and challenges in using particle circulation loops for concentrated solar power applications

Flamant, Gilles; Grange, Benjamin; Wheeldon, John; Siros, Frédéric; Valentin, Benoît; Bataille, Françoise; Zhang, Huili; Deng, Yimin; Baeyens, Jan

doi:10.1016/j.pecs.2022.101056

Cited by 44 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 144 publications

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“…Fluidization of solids is a well-known technology and solid particles can easily withstand temperatures up to 1,000℃, similar to the operational temperatures reached in a conventional IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/1742-6596/2766/1/012079 2 fossil fuel power plant [2]. [3] observed that silicon carbide is a promising powder for fluidized bed CSP applications due to its optical properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Experimental study of erosion in heat exchangers immersed in fluidized beds

Domínguez-Coy,

Córcoles,

Almendros-Ibáñez

2024

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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Fluidized beds can be used as solar energy receivers in beam-down concentrated solar power plants. The fact that solid particles can withstand temperatures over 1,000°C is promising because it would mean higher thermal efficiencies than conventional concentrated solar power plants (CSP, that use molten salts, whose maximum operating temperature is limited to about 560°C). Nonetheless, immersed heat exchangers are exposed to erosion because fluidized particles impinge on their surfaces. The multiple variables of a multiphase flow and the uncertainties of the material detachment process make erosion a complex problem that stills not fully solved. The aim of this study is to conceive an experimental procedure to measure erosion on cylindrical probes immersed in a lab-scale high temperature fluidized bed (able to operate up to 1,000°C and atmospheric pressure), simulating a tube of a heat exchanger in a fluidized bed working at expected temperatures in CSP applications. Preliminary results at ambient temperature are presented in this study. Silica sand particles were fluidized with air and erosion was measured on cylindrical probes made of aluminium 5027. Silica sand was characterized with a microscope before and after each test to determine its size distribution and shape. Several parameters (diameter, mass, and circumferential profile) of each probe were also studied before and after each test. Different fluidization velocities were implemented to assess the influence of the flow rate on erosion.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Experimental study of erosion in heat exchangers immersed in fluidized beds

Domínguez-Coy,

Córcoles,

Almendros-Ibáñez

2024

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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“…For the past decade, CSP has been highlighted as one of the promising and potential renewable and sustainable energy technologies. A review on recent opportunities from this point of view can be found in [133].…”

Section: Current Technologies For Concentrating Solar Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactor and Plant Designs for the Solar Photosynthesis of Fuels

Degerli,

Gramegna,

Tommasi

et al. 2024

Energies

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Solar-boosted photo-technology stands out as a powerful strategy for photosynthesis and photocatalytic processes due to its minimal energy requirements, cost-effectiveness and operation under milder, environmentally friendly conditions compared to conventional thermocatalytic options. The design and development of photocatalysts have received a great deal of attention, whereas photoreactor development must be studied deeper to enable the design of efficient devices for practical exploitation. Furthermore, scale-up issues are important for this application, since light distribution through the photoreactor is a concurrent factor. This review represents a comprehensive study on the development of photoreactors to be used mainly for the photoreduction of CO2 to fuels, but with concepts easily transferable to other photosynthetic applications such as ammonia synthesis and water splitting, or wastewater treatment, photovoltaics combined to photoreactors, etc. The primary categories of photoreactors are thoroughly examined. It is also explained which parameters influence the design of a photoreactor and next-generation high-pressure photoreactors are also discussed. Last but not least, current technologies for solar concentrators are recalled, considering their possible integration within the photoreactor. While many reviews deal with photocatalytic materials, in the authors’ view, photoreactors with significant scale and their merged devices with solar concentrators are still unexploited solutions. These are the key to boost the efficiency of these processes towards commercial viability; thus, the aim of this review is to summarise the main findings on solar photoreactors for the photoreduction of CO2 and for related applications.

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“…In this context, increasing interest has been shown in decomposition reactions, characterised by high enthalpy variations following the dissociation of a chemical compound (hydrides, carbonates, oxides, hydroxides) into two products, typically a gas and a solid, characterised by high values of energy storage and easy separation. Several studies have been carried out on the use of solid particles as solar receivers and thermal storage media in TCES, leading to the possibility of operating temperatures of over 1000 • C [12,13].…”

Section: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Fluidised Bed Inventory on the Performance of Limestone Sorbent in Calcium Looping for Thermochemical Energy Storage

Di Lauro,

Tregambi,

Montagnaro

et al. 2023

Energies

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This research work deals with the application of the calcium looping concept for thermochemical energy storage. Experiments were carried out in a lab-scale fluidised bed reactor, which was electrically heated. An Italian limestone (98.5% CaCO3, 420–590 μm) was present in the bed alone, or in combination with silica sand/silicon carbide (this last material was chosen as per its high absorption capacity in the solar spectrum). Calcium looping tests (20 calcination/carbonation cycles) were carried out under operating conditions resembling the “closed-loop” scheme (calcination at 950 °C, carbonation at 850 °C, fluidising atmosphere composed of pure CO2 in both cases). Carbonation degree, particle size distribution, and particle bulk density were measured as cycles progressed, together with the application of a model equation to relate carbonation degree to the number of cycles. Mutual relationships between the nature of the bed material and possible interactions, the degree of CaO carbonation, the generation of fragments, and changes in particle density and porosity are critically discussed. An investigation of the segregation behaviour of the bed material has been carried out through tests in a devoted fluidisation column, equipped with a needle-type capacitive probe (to measure solid concentration).

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Opportunities and challenges in using particle circulation loops for concentrated solar power applications

Cited by 44 publications

References 144 publications

Experimental study of erosion in heat exchangers immersed in fluidized beds

Experimental study of erosion in heat exchangers immersed in fluidized beds

Reactor and Plant Designs for the Solar Photosynthesis of Fuels

Influence of Fluidised Bed Inventory on the Performance of Limestone Sorbent in Calcium Looping for Thermochemical Energy Storage

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