Opportunities and Challenges Surrounding the Use of Wearable Sensor Bracelets for Infectious Disease Detection During Hajj: A Qualitative Interview Study (Preprint)

Abstract

BACKGROUND Wearable sensor bracelets have gained interest for their ability to detect symptomatic and presymptomatic infections by detecting alterations in physiological indicators. Nevertheless, the utilisation of these devices for public health surveillance among attendees of large-scale events like Hajj is currently in a nascent phase. OBJECTIVE To explore Hajj stakeholders’ perspectives on the use of wearable sensor bracelets for disease detection. METHODS We conducted a qualitative, theoretically informed, interview-based study involving a diverse sample of Hajj stakeholders, including technology experts, healthcare providers, and Hajj service providers. The study was guided by the Task-Technology Fit Model (TTF) and Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) to provide a comprehensive understanding of the factors influencing the acceptance and utilisation of the technology. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were employed to capture perspectives on using wearable sensor bracelets for infectious disease detection in Hajj. Thematic analysis of interview transcripts was conducted. RESULTS A total of 14 individuals were interviewed.Implementing wearable sensor bracelets for disease detection during Hajj faces obstacles from multiple perspectives, encompassing users, providers, and technological factors. Hajj stakeholders are concerned about the substantial financial and operational barriers. The motivation of providers and users is essential for the acceptance and uptake of devices during Hajj. Successful integration of wearables into the Hajj surveillance system depends on several factors, including infrastructure, device features, suitable use cases, training, and a smooth organisational integration process. CONCLUSIONS This study provides valuable insights into the potential opportunities and challenges of adopting wearable sensor bracelets for disease detection during Hajj. It offers essential factors to consider and important suggestions to enhance comprehension and ensure the effective implementation of this technology.