Optic nerve hypoplasia

Kaur, Savleen; Jain, Sharad; Sodhi, Harsimrat Bir Singh; Rastogi, Anju; Kamlesh, .

doi:10.4103/0974-620x.116622

Cited by 36 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The pathophysiology of ONH is unknown; however, its aetiology has been linked to several maternal risk factors making an accurate gestational history extremely important. Associations that are relevant in this case report include young maternal age, primiparity, maternal smoking and gestational diabetes 2. Additional associations include maternal use of alcohol, recreational drugs, anti-depressants, anti-convulsants and anti-emetics 2…”

Section: Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 90%

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Incidental bilateral optic nerve hypoplasia

Harvey¹

2017

BMJ Case Reports

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Section: Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…This finding appears as a pale white/yellow ring around the optic disc, which is thought to represent the scleral canal 2. The ratio of disc diameter to disc–macula distance (measured from the temporal edge of the disc to the central fovea) is useful in determining the severity of the hypoplasia.…”

Section: Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidental bilateral optic nerve hypoplasia

Harvey¹

2017

BMJ Case Reports

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“…In children whose mothers drank alcohol there are functional difficulties that are difficult to diagnose and classify, and often sensory integration dysfunction. For these children SI therapy is necessary and effective [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33]. This work, because of the breadth of statistical analysis, only shows the effects of SI therapy on gross motor function.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of sensory integration therapy on gross motor function in children after prenatal exposure to alcohol

Wilczyński¹,

Zawada²

2015

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Słowa kluczowe: fizjoterapia, integracja sensoryczna, dzieci po prenatalnej ekspozycji na alkohol. AbstractIntroduction: In Poland there are 900 cases of full-blown foetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) in neonates per year, and in 9000 children there are some symptoms of it. Aim of the research: To analyse the impact of sensory integration (SI) therapy on gross motor skills function in children after prenatal exposure to alcohol. Material and methods: The study was conducted on a group of 20 children aged 4-5 years with information from an interview about prenatal exposure to alcohol. The diagnosis of sensory integration disorder consisted of two 60-minute diagnostics meetings. Twelve trials with clinical observations were performed by Ayres: finger to nose, cocontraction, prone extension posture, flexed position supine, asymmetrical tonic neck reflex (ATOS), symmetrical tonic neck reflex (STOS), muscle tension, Schilder test, dynamic balance, static balance, gravitational insecurity, and trunk stabilisation. The therapeutic program included: normalisation of the vestibular and proprioceptive system, normalisation of the touch system, strengthening muscle tension, development of motion planning, development of oculomotor performance, development of motor coordination, hand therapy, integration of ATOS, STOS, development of locomotion and balance functions, and improving efficiency of gross and small motor skills. Results and conclusions: High efficiency of SI therapy has been shown in children after prenatal exposure to alcohol on the example of gross motor skills. Positive effects of SI therapy have been shown for tests: finger to nose, in the erect position on the stomach, the flexural position on the back, ATOS, STOS, Schilder test, dynamic balance, static balance, and the uncertainty of gravity and trunk stabilisation. Only cocontraction and muscle tension tests showed no efficacy of SI therapy. The a-Cronbach position analysis showed high reliability of the performed tests both before and after the therapy. It is advisable to continue the study on a larger sample and observation of the functional status of children after therapy.

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“…12,13,18 To date, the potential of SD OCT to assess optic nerve and macula morphology in patients with ONH in vivo has been largely unexplored. In 2013, Moon and Park 16 confirmed previous histopathology data in 1 patient with ONH compared with the healthy eye using SD OCT.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…19 Provis at al 20 investigated the number of axons of the human fetal optic nerve and found that at least 70% regress during pregnancy. These findings led Mosier et al 12 and other investigators 14,18 to propose the hypothesis that ONH is the result of excessive RNFL regression. McCulley et al 21 suggested that ONH may be the result of retrograde RNFL degeneration from axons not proceeding into the contralateral tract at the chiasm.…”

Section: Optic Nerve Head Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

High resolution imaging of the optic nerve and retina in optic nerve hypoplasia

Gottlob

Pilat

Sibley

et al. 2015

Journal of the Neurological Sciences

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Purpose: To investigate the optic nerve and macular morphology in patients with optic nerve hypoplasia (ONH) using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD OCT).Design: Prospective, cross-sectional, observational study. Subjects: A total of 16 participants with ONH (10 female and 6 male; mean age, 17.2 years; 6 bilateral involvement) and 32 gender-, age-, ethnicity-, and refraction-matched healthy controls.Methods: High-resolution SD OCT (Copernicus [Optopol Technology S.A., Zawiercie, Poland], 3 mm resolution) and handheld SD OCT (Bioptigen Inc [Research Triangle Park, NC], 2.6 mm resolution) devices were used to acquire horizontal scans through the center of the optic disc and macula.Main Outcome Measures: Horizontal optic disc/cup and rim diameters, cup depth, peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), and thickness of individual retinal layers in participants with ONH and in controls.Results: Patients with ONH had significantly smaller discs (P < 0.03 and P < 0.001 compared with unaffected eye and healthy controls, respectively), horizontal cup diameter (P < 0.02 for both), and cup depth (P < 0.02 and P < 0.01, respectively). In the macula, significantly thinner RNFL (nasally), ganglion cell layer (GCL) (nasally and temporally), inner plexiform layer (IPL) (nasally), outer nuclear layer (ONL) (nasally), and inner segment (centrally and temporally) were found in patients with ONH compared with the control group (P < 0.05 for all comparisons). Continuation of significantly thicker GCL, IPL, and outer plexiform layer in the central retinal area (i.e., foveal hypoplasia) was found in more than 80% of patients with ONH. Clinically unaffected fellow eyes of patients with ONH showed mild features of underdevelopment. Visual acuity and presence of septo-optic dysplasia were associated with changes in GCL and IPL. Sensitivity and specificity for the detection of ONH based on disc and retinal optical coherence tomography (OCT) parameters were >80%.Conclusions: Our study provides evidence of retinal changes in ONH. In addition to thinning of retina layers mainly involving the RNFL and GCL, signs reminiscent of foveal hypoplasia were observed in patients with ONH. Optic nerve and foveal parameters measured using OCT showed high sensitivity and specificity for detecting ONH, demonstrating their useful for clinical diagnosis. Ophthalmology 2015;-:1e10 ª

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Optic nerve hypoplasia

Cited by 36 publications

References 22 publications

Incidental bilateral optic nerve hypoplasia

Incidental bilateral optic nerve hypoplasia

The impact of sensory integration therapy on gross motor function in children after prenatal exposure to alcohol

High resolution imaging of the optic nerve and retina in optic nerve hypoplasia

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