Optic Tract Syndrome

Newman, Steven A.; Miller, Neil R.

doi:10.1001/archopht.1983.01040020243018

Cited by 75 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The characteristics of these patients and the types of visual field defects are similar to previous reports (table E-1). [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] Unlike most previous reports, which evaluated HH recovery in primarily stroke patients, our patients had a variety of brain lesions causing their visual field defect, and are representative of the population of patients with HH (see in 16).…”

Section: Results Clinical Features and Visual Field Defects Atmentioning

confidence: 41%

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Natural history of homonymous hemianopia

Zhang¹,

Kedar²,

Lynn³

et al. 2006

Neurology

285

171

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Spontaneous improvement of homonymous hemianopia is seen in at least 50% of patients first seen within 1 month of injury. In most cases, the improvement occurs within the first 3 months from injury. Spontaneous improvement after 6 months postinjury should be interpreted with caution as it is most likely related to improvement of the underlying disease or to improvement in the patient's ability to perform visual field testing reliably.

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Section: Results Clinical Features and Visual Field Defects Atmentioning

confidence: 41%

“…[2][3][4] However, little is known about spontaneous recovery of HH. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] Indeed few reports have detailed the natural course of HH (see table E-1 on the Neurology Web site at www. neurology.org).…”

mentioning

confidence: 41%

Natural history of homonymous hemianopia

Zhang¹,

Kedar²,

Lynn³

et al. 2006

Neurology

285

171

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“…When imaging was normal, the location was said to be unknown, except for optic tract lesions diagnosed in the presence of a homonymous hemianopia associated with an ipsilateral relative afferent pupillary defect and optic nerve head pallor. 4,7 Visual fields were analyzed by 2 neuro-ophthalmologists (S.K. and X.Z.).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 48%

“…However, recognition of visual field defects in children with cerebral insults is important because homonymous hemianopia may interfere with learning, reading, rehabilitation therapies, and driving abilities. Very few studies 1,2,4,7,8,12,13 have included children in their series of homonymous hemianopia (Table 1). In most of these studies, no specific information was provided regarding pediatric cases.…”

mentioning

confidence: 44%

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] Homonymous hemianopia often remains undiagnosed in the pediatric population because children tend not to complain of a visual field defect and usually are not referred for formal visual field testing. However, recognition of visual field defects in children with cerebral insults is important because homonymous hemianopia may interfere with learning, reading, rehabilitation therapies, and driving abilities.…”

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confidence: 45%

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Pediatric Homonymous Hemianopia

Kedar

Zhang

Lynn

et al. 2006

Journal of American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and

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Quantification of Optic Nerve Axon Loss Associated With a Relative Afferent Pupillary Defect in the Monkey

Kerrison

Buchanan²,

Rosenberg

et al. 2001

Arch Ophthalmol

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To quantify the amount of optic nerve axonal loss associated with the presence of a mild relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD) in an experimental monkey model. Methods: The right macula of 5 rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) was treated with concentrically enlarging diode laser burns until an RAPD was detected using a transilluminator light and measured with neutral density filters. Intervals between treatments were 3 to 7 days over a period of 2 months. Pupillary responses to light stimulation were recorded with a monocular infrared television pupillometer. Two months after detection of an RAPD, 5 treated and 4 control monkeys underwent euthanasia and enucleation. Histopathologic analysis and quantification of optic nerve axon counts using an image analysis system were performed. Results: No RAPD was observed despite an estimated ganglion cell loss of up to 26%. A 0.6 log unit RAPD was present in 5 monkeys when the laser scar incorporated the entire macula within the temporal vascular arcades. One eye had progressive vitreomacular traction with worsening of the RAPD to 1.8 log units without further laser treatment. Histopathologic evaluation disclosed complete loss of the normal retinal architecture within the macula. The average fiber loss for the 4 treated eyes with 0.6 log unit RAPDs compared with fellow eyes was 53.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 45.0%-61.6%). The average difference in axon counts between untreated pairs of optic nerves was 12.8% (95% CI, 10.0%-15.6%). Optic nerve axon loss between pairs of experimental and control eyes was statistically significant (PϽ.001). Conclusion: In rhesus monkeys, an RAPD develops after an approximate unilateral loss between 25% and 50% of retinal ganglion cells. Clinical Relevance: Owing to redundancy in the anterior visual pathways, unilateral retinal ganglion cell loss may occur prior to the observation of an RAPD. The presence of an RAPD measuring 0.6 log units implies that significant retinal ganglion cell injury has occurred.

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Optic Tract Syndrome

Cited by 75 publications

References 13 publications

Natural history of homonymous hemianopia

Natural history of homonymous hemianopia

Pediatric Homonymous Hemianopia

Quantification of Optic Nerve Axon Loss Associated With a Relative Afferent Pupillary Defect in the Monkey

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